الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to outline the techniques of successfully performing flexible and rigid arthroscopy for urethral stones and a variety of other upper urinary tract diseases, such as tumours, up obstruction, stricture and hematuria. Also to asses the role of arthroscopy in the management of various upper urinary tract lesions, in order to reach a conclusion about the indications, limitations and complications of arthroscopic procedures.
We hope that this study will provide valuable data about the techniques and values of arthroscopy in urologic practice.
In this study 23 patients with chronic unilateral hematuria were evaluated ureterospically to determine the cause of the bleeping and to evaluate arthroscopic treatment. The entire urethra and intracranial collecting system were inspected in all patients. Discrete lesions were found in 15 patients (haemangioma 7,minute venous rupture3, small papillary tumour 3 and calculus 2).all patients with discrete lesions were treated successfully. on specific lesions were found in 3 patients (sub mucosal e
rhythm 2 and abnormal papillary tip l)attempts at treatment were successful in all than .in the remaining 5 patients no lesions were detected. In all treated patients the hematuria resolved with no recurrence in a mean follow-up of 8 months.
The results of arthroscopic treatment in this study were promising. the combined use of rigid and flexible ureteroscops allowed access to the entire upper urinary tract. Both diagnostic and therapeutic applications were quiet successful. Morbidity was low and most of the patients were treated on a day care basis.