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Abstract
Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is a condition characterized by disruption of the regular process of ovulation. It is associated with hyperandrogenemia; normal or elevated estrogen level; raised LH secretion with alteration of normal relationship between LH and FSH leading to a raised LH/FSH ratio. Microscopically the ovaries are usually although not always enlarged and lobular. On histological examination the ovaries contain atretic follicles; theca cells hyperplasia and generalized increase in stroma. On ultrasound examination, the ovaries are characterized by peripheral distribution of multiple subcapsular cysts (necklace appearance). PCOD presents in many patients with hirsutrsm and obesity in addition to oilgomenorrhea. Approximately 5-10% of women in general population have this syndrome but it is the cause in about 30% of women with infertility.