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المستخلص
The study aimed at investigating the relationship between body image and the emergence of depressive symptoms among a sample of male and female adolescent students at the secondary school in Minia City. The researcher used a groups of psychometric and clinical tools as follows:
First: the psychometric tools
1- Body Image scale (prepared by Alaa Kafafy & Maisa El nayal, 1995)
2- Beck’s Depression List (translated into Arabic by Gharib Abdel Fattah, 1985)
Second: the clinical tools
- form of the interview (case history) (prepared by Salah Mekhamer)
- the standardized test of the partial instincts (latent needs) (prepared by Salah Mekhamer, and standardized by Samia El Katan)
- conducting some of the charts of the TAT test (ten charts)
- dreams study and slips
- conducting free clinical interviews with the two clinical studies
The researcher also used the analysis of variance technique and the t-test to verify the validity of the hypothesis of the study. The study revealed the following:
1- There is a significant and effective effect on the psychological side of the male and female students who suffer form non-satisfaction of their bodies (their negative concept of their bodies) through the increase of the level of depression among them.
2- The clinical results agreed with the psychometric results in the presence of a correlation showing the severe depressive symptoms related to the negative and non-healthy direction of the body image among the two clinical study cases. The clinical study provided us with the reasons and causes which point out to us this relation.
Summary of the study
In this study, the researcher investigated the body image in its relation to depression among a sample of male and female secondary stage students in Minia City . Through this study, the researcher used the psychometric approach and the in-depth clinical method to study the case. Through this study, the researcher concluded to important results.
Significance of the study:
Significance of the study can be pointed out in the following points:
- The significance of the school stage of the students included in this study, that is, the secondary stage (the adolescence stage) in which the tendencies, the aptitudes, and the interests of thee students show up. Their personalities take the relatively fixed style. Therefore, it is needed to take care of these students and to protect them from some of the psychological, physiological, and physical disorders which may affect their psychological health.
- The significance of the topic dealt with in this study being the body concept and the psychological depression due to their psychological effects on the psychological, physical and social growth of the individual.
- Finding the validity and the reliability of some of the tolls of the study on a sample of male and female secondary school students (the adolescence stage) in order to be used later by a lot of researchers.
- The researcher used two approaches for the study: the psychometric approach and the in-depth clinical approach to study the extreme cases to make sure of the validity of the psychometric results as for the relation between negative body image and the emergence of the depressive symptoms.
- Significance of the study is due to the results the study will reveal which may contribute in putting the counseling and the protective programs for the students in this age stage (adolescence).
Aims of the study
The study aims at investigating the relation between body image the emergence of the depressive symptoms among a sample of male and female adolescents from the secondary school in Minia City. and identifying the extent of effect of this relation with the difference I the sex variable and the clinical verification of the validity of this relation.
Hypotheses of the study:
First: the psychometric hypotheses
The psychometric hypotheses of the study included the general hypothesis and other minor hypotheses as follows:
A) The general psychometric
There are significant difference between the means of scores of the male and female students with the positive body concept and the means of scores of the male and female students with the negative body concept on the depression scale. These differences favor the male and female students with the negative body concept
B) The minor psychometric hypotheses
1- There are significant differences between the means of scores of the male students with the positive body concept and the means of scores of the male students with the negative body concept on the depression scale.
2- There are significant differences between the means of scores of the female students with the positive body concept and the means of scores of the female students with the negative body concept on the depression scale.
3- There are no significant differences between the means of scores of the male students with the negative body concept and the means of scores of the female students with the negative body concept on the depression scale.
4- There are no significant differences between the means of scores of the male students with the positive body concept and the means of scores of the female students with the positive body concept on the depression scale.
Second: the clinical hypothesis
The researcher expects that the depressive symptoms from which individuals of the extreme cases are due to non-satisfaction of their body images and the distortion of their theory toward their body selves. This may be different in male students comparable to female students.
Sample of the study:
The basic sample of the study included 200 male and female secondary school students in Minia City. Their ages range from 15 to 17. the sample was divided into four groups as follows:
- Male students with the positive body concept (50 students)
- Male students with the negative body concept (50 students)
- Female students with the positive body concept (50 students)
- Female students with the negative body concept (50 students)
Tools of the study:
First: the psychometric tools
1- Body Image scale (prepared by Alaa Kafafy & Maisa El nayal, 1995)
2- Beck’ s Depression List (translated into Arabic by Gharib Abdel Fattah, 1985)
Second: the clinical tools
- form of the interview (case history) (prepared by Salah Mekhamer)
- the standardized test of the partial instincts (latent needs) (prepared by Salah Mekhamer, and standardized by Samia El Katan)
- conducting some of the charts of the TAT test (ten charts)
- dreams study and slips
- conducting free clinical interviews with the two clinical studies
The statistical treatment of the study:
- the analysis of variance to verify the validity of the hypotheses of the four study groups
- T-test to follow-up the analysis of variance in the case of the significance of t to identify the direction of the significance of the differences.
- The correlation coefficient which is used in finding out the validity and the reliability of the tools of the study on the individuals of the sample
Results of the study:
First the Psychometric results of the study:
Through the statistical analysis of the first hypothesis and the other branching four hypotheses, the psychometric results of the study revealed that there are significant differences at the level of (0.001) between the means of scores of the male and female students with the positive body concept and the means of scores of the male and female students with the negative body concept in the depression.
These differences favor the male and female students with the negative body concept which ensures the theory of male and female students especially who are the adolescent stage (puberty) of their body images and the non-satisfaction of it which has a significant and evident effect on the psychological side. The depressive symptoms appear with them. The sensitivity of the female students to theses symptoms are more than that of the male students. This is previously emphasized by a lot of studies.
Second: the results of the clinical study:
The clinical study centered on the two cases (a male student and a female student). from the beginning, the results of the clinical study agreed with the results of the psychometric study in emphasizing the correlation between the negative body concepts the emergence of the depressive symptoms among male and female students, sample of the study. The in-depth clinical study of the extreme cases provided us with the reasons and the causes, which points out to us this relation.