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Abstract ~~~Rihility ~tudy of Agricultural t10c \),:1 rli7,,’1tion in Honofia Governorate --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ~·;umrnRryntHl (;nncllwi.nt!; t I I • • tit • • I I I • • • t • • • • • • I I I • GAllrrnlly ~p0nl~jng , t h» !’;g,yptian -”’p;ricultural structure is c hnr-ac teri7.,p.0 by smo l.L holdings nnd thir:;phenomena is quite evid en t in Hono ria (~ovorno rate • Il’herefore ,F.:e;yptfaces a set of problems tn Lhp ~[,riClllturnl sector 8nd she adopts some techniqnes to overcome rouch problems • It has dawned upon her that the di.rcr.t nllO imlllt=:’diantre;ricultural development relies upon the ~Gricul lured deve Lo pmerrt (vertical development). Egypt has to enter the era of mechanizetl agriculture in all governaTdtes and in Monofia in .porticulnr • In the Las t yoars of the present decade ,agricultural mechanization has bocome the first and most important thing to think of in nlnnn lng for the F:e;yptianagricul tural development and the Government is hie;hly concerned in it. Besides, agricultural mechanizRtioll represents a field of co-operation between the , Egyntian GOV er-nnie nt nun 111 t erna tional authori ties nnd orga.nizations such rl,R tho. Ar;riculturlEl mechDnization project ’financed by the Intel’nntJ.onnl Honetnry Fund (I.N.F.) anli implementedi in Honofia f”lonofi~fiovp.rnoratc hns got an enormous Allotment in the 5-year p.Lan (1982-198’1 ) and wm-; one 0 f the two governorates in which t he I.rt.F.’s pro j oc t vms implemented. ’fherefore ,this research aims at investigating the feasibility study of the agricultural mechanization in Monofia Governorate • ,;I 1 i1l i I, 1 I, I1 .~ .’ IIi I _. _.__ ._-~~~- ---_. -”--- --~.~--- ---’-~-~- - - ~-- .---- - - -- - (;:~) This study ApplioG 2 methods in displayipg facts and drawing conclusions. Those 2 methods are the descriptive analysis and L11C qUrll1litivc analysis • It depends upon 2 kindG a f dn try : Iht a collcc ted from govennmcn tal ,nongavcrnmen tnl :111tho r l.tir:r~ , r0 f0~’C!lCeRt J\rabic Rnn foroic;n scientific np0.cl’lllZl)rl poriodicnls »nd field data collected by the work!;r through llersonnl mcetin~8 with fnrmers selected at random Henof nllrl~hcbin El Koum districts in Manoria GfJvernorate • ’rho stwly lInn shown that most agricultural nro cesses are still carried out traditionally or in a mixed way except for prepeJrine; 1”0(1 before rlnntinf” irrigation ,harvest and pes~ con trol and tIliG meanrs tha t t ho Egyptian agriculture and the Monof1an in purt1culnr undergoes a transition period from the traditional methods to advanced ones. It applies using both labourers rmd. nnimals simultaneously with using some of the mechanical tools in some aGricultural procesf5es but not entirely as in the ~~rlv:l,nceadgriculture • On mC’I[mri-nc;the nc~l(: 0 f uGing au tomatic and mechanical powerc Ln 1’10 no flo Governoratp. , i t w~,s evident that mechanical methods were used io performing Rll agricultural processes for cotton 20X ,11% for m~ize ,13% for wheat, 17% for colver. As for using mech’,nicRl me thods for 83Ch agricultural process for the l8st crops , it W;1S 72 % for plowing , 27% for. rolling ,11% for ridging ,20 ~ for irrigntion ,0.4% for transportation. These percentages indicate the wide-spread application of mechanical methods in Monofta Governorate • -~------ ._- .~------_._----~--_._--~------~--,--.---~ The study has cl:lrified the relationahip between the agricultural economic resource~ in Monofia Governorate and the agricultural mnchnnization and the importance of the’ latter in upgrndLng l.m.d. efficiency and betterine;its main character~sticR rl8 18nd is the eSGential factor in determining the possibli tics to raise the produc·t:.iornate and to use efficiently chemical and organic fertilizers and both irrigation ond dr-aLnog e operations. It stressed the importance of the ngricultural mechnnization in rationalizing irrigation water use to rench the optimal benefit. It also put a greot deal of emphasis on the importance of the agricultural mechanization in performing the various agricultural tasKs to avoid the highly incrensing wages of agricultural labourers due to acute shortage during last years • Investigation form especially designed for this purpose has been used. The snmple included 200 wheat and soya beans farms and the worker has sorted the cultivable land in each village selected in the aforesaid districts. The sample was distributed among districts and villages in proportion to the number of farms and total area cultivated. On examining such percentages and their importance for production elements : i.e. mechanical ,animal,or human elements for wheat and soya bean farms according to the holdings incl.uded in this study , it was evident that the highest percentage for using mechanlcal methods was in the 1st holding and the more we use machines in larger holdings , the less we depend upon traditional methods of production • If we study the effect of agricultural mechanization on the average costG of wheat pnd soya beans according the holdings of the sample fnrms t it will be clear that the average costs decline when the holdings increase for wheat which clarifies the distuict o f f’ce t of mecharrl.ozt.Lon on increasing the efficiency of holdings and reducing the costs at the same time • On compar i.ng using mechanical methods and tractitional ones in performing irrigation t harvesting ,winnowing and also’ transporting the final product of crop t ohe found. that the average cost of mech~nization of agricultural operations is less than that depend. on human/animal labour. Therefore t mechaniza.tion of t he afore-said operations reduces the average costs. In studying the economic efficiency of mechanizing the sample farms concerning wheat and soyabean according to the holdings, the results denote that the highest outcome /farm f’o. r wheat was that of the fourth holding whereas the first was the Len st one (~nd this can be attributed to using mechanical elements in the former nnd traditional elements (human/animal) in the Lot tnr. ’I’ho r eeu’Lts also show that the highest interest on the c~pital invested in whe~t WAS in the fourth holdine and the lear;t wrlf~Ln the fj.r0t ono ,for the sune re-’J_sons. Similar.lyt the higher,tin teres t on t.ne c apa tal Lnv ected was t.ha t of the fourth hold ing nnd the l8,u:;twas in the 2nd holding • In 8tudyinc tho economic efficiency of mechanizing the agr-Lcul, t.ural.procesces for wheat and soyabcans on the sample f’nr-ms illHo uo f’La using 11113lysesto determine the outcome of each monetClry unit spont on mechanizing every agricultural processesof both cropG being studied , it h:lsdawned upon ---------_.~-- !_n us that only f’o ur- nr:riculturnl procesGes ” -preparing l:lnctbefore cui tLva tio n , II’lrvan ting ,throBhing , winnowing ” for wheat have economic feasibility nnd the rest of the processes are not of economic feasibility according to income and profit criteria • fl.n for Goyn1Jctltlf> ,only -on-e -pr-oc-es-s mechanical peat control is econolll.Lcnlly f(>f~ihl(; • and this may be attributed to the hiGh cou t.. 0 r tt!r>cll:’nizinlj t}WGC processes for soyabeana [IS well ::;If; to r,evc1’,’11 other factors • --------------------------------------------------------= -------- |