الفهرس 
Epidemiology of Acute & chronic Renal FailureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 5 to 7% of all hospitalized paAents,
and despite technological advances, it continues to be associated with poor
outcomes.
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem with an
increasing incidence and prevalence, poor outcomes, and high cost.
Outcomes of chronic kidney disease include not only kidney failure but also
complications of decreased kidney function and cardiovascular disease. .
Current evidence suggests that some of these adverse outcomes can be
prevented or delayed by early detection and treatment. Unfortunately,
chronic kidney disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated, in part as a
result of lack of agreement on a definition and classification of its stages of
progression.
Recent clinical practice guidelines by the National Kidney Foundation
1) define chronic kidney disease and classify its stages, regardless of
underlying cause, 2) evaluate laboratory measurements for the clinical
assessment of kidney disease, 3) associate the level of kidney function with
complications of chronic kidney disease, and 4) stratify the risk for loss of
kidney function and development of cardiovascular disease. The guidelines.