الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period. Prematurity is themost-important risk factor. It results from deficiency of pulmonarysurfactant, a mixture of proteins and lipids, which decreases the alveolar surface tension, and prevents alveolar collapse. Lipid metabolism has an important role in fetal development during the late stage of gestation, including growth and fat accretion in utero, transport of cholesterol to the fetal adrenal for hormone synthesis, increasing amniotic fluid lecithin levels with maturation of pulmonary function and changes in the levels of minor phospholipids in amniotic fluid. Fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells utilize lipid substrates to synthesize DPPC, the major surfactant lipid that lowers surface tension at the alveolar air-fluid interface. Potential sources of fetal lipids include transport of free fatty acids from the maternal circulation or de novo synthesis within the fetus or placenta The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the maternal and cord blood lipid profiles in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome This study was conducted on 50 preterm infants and their mothers. They were divided into (2) groups; Group (A) included 30 preterm infants who developed RDS, their gestational ages ranging from 28 to 36 weeks, and their mothers. Group (B) included 20 preterm infants who did not develop RDS, their gestational ages from 31 to 36 weeks, and their mothers. All admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shebin El-Kom teaching hospital. In this study both groups were subjected to detailed medical history, full clinical examination and laboratory investigations including serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. The results of our study revealed that: Upon examining the neonatal characteristics; gestational age, birth weight, length, Apgar scores at 1 & 5 min and podernal index are highly significant lower in preterm with RDS compared to the control group. And that RDS is common in male neonates As regards the clinical maternal characteristics, weight gain during pregnancy was high significant lower in mothers of preterm with RDS compared to mothers of the control group. Moreover, there was significant difference regarding mode of delivery and antenatal steroid for fetal lung maturity in both groups Mean total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were highly significant lower in infants with RDS and their mothers than in the controls, while their serum triglycerides and VLDL showed no significant difference There was significant positive correlation between the neonatal clinical characteristics and their cord blood lipid profile. Moreover, each parameter of the mothers’ lipid profile and weight gain during pregnancy were positively correlated with the cord blood lipid profile.