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Abstract Extended exposure to hot ambient temperatures with high humidity increases core body temperature considerably. This occurs when the body produces more heat than it can dissipate. This occurs most often in conjunction with dehydration. The severity of heat illness depends on the intensity and duration of internal heat production or external heat exposure. Heat cramps are may occur during heat illness. They are painful contractions of muscles that are thought to be caused by dehydration, which creates an imbalance between fluids and electrolytes. Thermoregulatory responses are still intact at this stage. Replacing fluid, which restores the fluid and electrolyte balance, is sufficient to treat or prevent this common syndrome (Armstrong et al, 1996). Signs of dehydration (tachycardia, hypotension, weakness, dizziness, and nausea) occur as a more severe form of heat illness, heat fatigue, develops. This is followed by mental confusion and a measurable increase in body temperature. Sweating continues at this stage. Eventually, the body loses its ability to sweat because of profound dehydration and body temperature can register more than 41°C. Disorientation, loss of coordination, hot, dry skin, and coma occur. Other clinical manifestations diagnosed in Body Temperature Changes under Anesthesia Hyperthermia: Effects & Management 108 the hospital may be severe rhabdomyolysis, acute tubular necrosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. These symptoms are mainly seen in younger patients. At this point, immediate cooling is required. Severe cases require treatment with rapid intravenous infusion of 2 to 3 L of icecold saline. This treatment simultaneously replenishes intravascular volume and rapidly cools the core thermal compartment (Rainer et al, 2008). |