الفهرس 
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Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) representing the single most important cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. RDS results from deficiency of alveolar surfactant, which is reduces surface tension and promotes alveolar stability. Thus minimizing the work of breathing and permitting alveoli of different size to exist in equilibrium.
Lipid metabolism has an important role in fetal development during late stages of gestation. A potentially critically aspect of fetal lipid metabolism may be the requirement for EFA, especially the LC-PUFA. A deficiency of EFA and/or LC-PUFA or reduced transport of these fatty acids to rapidly growing fetal tissue could inhibit normal fetal growth and maturation. One effect of this deficiency could be delayed development of the fetal lungs, which could lead to RDS postnatally.
The aim of this study is to assess and compare between both cord and maternal lipid profile in preterm infants who developed and did not develop RDS and their mothers.
This study was conducted on 50 preterm infants and their mothers. They were divided into (2) groups. Group A included 30 preterm infants who developed RDS and their mothers. Group B included 20 preterm infants who did not develop RDS and their mothers.
In this study both groups were subjected to full history taking, full clinical examination. We exclude: mothers whose pregnancies were complicated by hypertension or toxemia of pregnancy, endocrine disease, SGA, LGA, with any congenital anomalies or asphyxia at birth.
We measured serum total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride and calculated LDL-cholesterol levels.
The results of this study revealed that:
• Serum lipid profile of preterm infants with RDS and their mothers was lower than serum lipid profile of preterm infants without RDS and their mothers.
• Maternal lipid profile was significantly positively correlated to lipid profile of preterm infants with or without RDS regarding LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol.
• Maternal weight gain during pregnancy of mothers of preterm infants with RDS is significantly lower compare to mothers of preterm infant without RDS.
RDS is accompanied with lower lipid levels in infants and their mothers and weight gain during pregnancy might have a prognostic significance in the prediction of RDS.
We may recommend appropriate maternal weight gain during pregnancy to decrease morbidity in neonatal period. Pregnant women should follow dietary regimen that help their lipid profile to be optimum for fetal growth is thought to be a healthy diet rich in omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA in ratio 4:1.
We may use lipid profile of pregnant women for prediction of incidence of RDS as prenatal management.