الفهرس 
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Abstract
The water circulation in the oceans and the seas is an important factor affecting the
marine environment and the coastal human activities. The ocean current information are
useful in the shoreline changes and stability. They transport pollutants, sediments and
energy from place to place and hence change the water quality and marine production. The
most stressed areas are the coastal areas due to the discharge of pollutants from land-base
sources, navigation accidents and other activities.
The ocean current studies can be done by either observations (spatial and temporal
measurements) or calculations using the hydrodynamic models. However, it is always
necessary to compare and calibrate the models results with observations; this will be also
our approach in this thesis.
This chapter will present the description of the study area including geographic
description, topographic features, environmental conditions, and meteorological
characteristics. At the end of the chapter, the objectives of the present study will be
reported.
1-2- Description of the area:
Abukir Bay is a semi-circular basin in the east of Alexandria, limited by 30.05-
30.40 0 E and 31.25- 31.50 0 N. It bordered in the east by Rosetta headland, in the west by
Abukir head, in the south by lake Edku and in the north by the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
water, Fig. (I-lA). A narrow opening is found in the south (Maadia outlet) to link Edku
lake with the Bay.