الفهرس 
Histology of the Cervix
Behavioral modificationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Carcinoma cervix worldwide accounts for 15% of all cancers, it is second most common cancer in woman globally and 80% of them occur in developing countries Cervical cancer remains a significant problem worldwide particularly in underdeveloped countries. The disease and its financial impact are significant. Infection with the human papilloma virus (hpv) is necessary for the development of cervical cancer and its precursors. A series of hpv-induced precursor lesions, starting from low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsils) through high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsils), may lead to cc. The study of hpv genotype distribution can provide useful information to gynecologists about the clinical management of females with precursor lesions of cc .Conclusions:• The most common presentation of malignant cervical lesions was postcoital bleeding found in (80.7%). • In Egypt HPV associated malignant cervical lesions were (33.3%) whereas HPV associated premalignant cervical lesions were (39.5%) so HPV is not the main cause of cancer cervix in Egypt. • HPV presented in high grade premalignant cervical lesions than low grade premalignant cervical lesions. • There is no significant difference for the presence of HPV in relation to types of malignant lesions. • The most common HPV genotypes presented in malignant cervical lesion and premalignant cervical lesions were HPV 16+18 co-infection found in (52.63%) and (41.17%) respectively. • HPV 18 is the most common genotype presented in endocervical carcinoma. • HPV can be highly suspected in the following: • Cervical ectopy with bleeding in VI + three criteria of suspicious (+ve VIA) + dense acetowhite epithelium & coarse mosaic lesions in colposcopy + CINII, CINIII or cancer cervix. Recommendations: • Health education to increase the population awareness of the magnitude of the problem, that cervical carcinoma is a preventable disease, and the screening is effective in detection of the premalignant lesions of the cervix. • It is not necessary to give HPV prophylactic vaccines as a routine in Egypt and it is not important to integrate it in vaccination program in the country. • HPV prophylactic vaccines can be given to HPV (-ve) cases with one or more co-factors necessary for HPV persistence and progression to premalignant and malignant cervical lesions after the age of 30 years or more. • In Egypt we are need more studies for other risk factors for cancer cervix other than HPV. • We are in need for multicenteric studies conduct on large number of patients for detection of HPV association with precancers and cancer cervix.