الفهرس 
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Abstract
Between the mid-19th century and mid-20th century the number and size of mental hospitals in the world increased considerably, and it was generally recognized that they were appropriate and beneficial places for schizophrenic people to receive care and treatment. Over the last thirty years the world has accepted, indeed advocated, that the community rehabilitation approach provides the most appropriate means for dealing with mentally ill people. In fact, people with schizophrenia are not simply returned to their communities in the wake of de-institutionalization, many of them return to their families. The family has thus become an important agent affecting the patients` mental conditions and the course of recovery. Conversely, the patients also create enormous hardship for their family. Certain attributes of the family environment, like the expressed emotions, hardship in living, and attitude held by the family members toward their mentally ill are viewed as crucial to patients` relapse. Identifying aspects of family functioning contributing to relapse of the patients and the support required to strengthen the families is therefore of great concern to mental health practitioners.