الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal nicotine administration on the development of some major salivary glands of CD-1 mice.
Material and methods:
30 adult female mice and 15 adult males of average weight (25-30 gm ) were be used in this study, the animals were be housed in separate cages at the faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, under the optimal experimental conditions. Animals’ were being fed on ground barely and supplied water add-libitum.
For breeding, each 2 mature females were be housed with one male overnight in separate cages, and then pregnancy were be inspected by examination of the vagina (vaginal plug).
The pregnant mice were being divided into two equal groups:
Group 1: Formed of 10 pregnant females, considered as (control group). (n=10), then divided into
Subgroup A: Formed of 5 pregnant females, considered as control group at birth.
Subgroup B: Formed of 5 pregnant females, considered as control group at the 21 day postnatal.
Group2: Formed of 20 pregnant females, considered as (experimental group). (n=20),divided into two subgroup:
Subgroup A: Formed of 10 pregnant females, used to study the neonatal effect of nicotine, (n=10).
Subgroup B: Formed of10 pregnant females, used to study the postnatal effect of nicotine. (n=10).
Histological procedures:
3. Subgroup A of control & experimental groups ( 1-day after birth), neonate mice were scarified, heads were decapitated from each fetus and immediately fixed in buffered formalin solution, followed by dehydration, embedding in paraffin and serial sections of about 6 microns in thickness will be obtained. Then sections will be deparaffinized and prepared for :-
C- Haematoxylin & Eosin staining for routine histological examination study.
D- Immunohistochemistry study using Caspase 3 antibodies.4. Subgroup B of control & experimental groups (postnatal 21-day), neonate mice were scarified, heads were decapitated from each fetus then decalcified as they contain bone. Previous steps were repeated to detect the postnatal effect of maternal nicotine injection.
The Staining Technique:
Haematoxylin and eosin staining sections.mical staining:Immunohistoche
Caspase3antibody.
Results:
HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAIN RESULTS:
AT BIRTH:
1-Parotidgland:
I-Control group, subgroup A:
The developing parotid gland appeared very small composed from a few small immature acini and duct.
II-Experimental group, subgroup A:
The developing parotid gland appeared smaller compared to that of control group together with adipose tissue infiltration.
2-Submandibular and sublingual glands:
1-Control group, subgroup A:
The submandibular and sublingual glands at birth showed normal histological appearance of the serous, mucous acini and ducts. Normal connective tissue septa dividing the glands into lobes
Higher magnification of the submandibular gland revealed normal serous acini and ducts. The sublingual gland showed normal predominantly mucous acini with demilunes.
II-Experimental group, subgroup A:
The submandibular and sublingual glands in experimental group showed: atrophied lobes and lobules together with thickening connective tissue septa.
Higher magnification of submandibular and sublingual glands in experimental group showed smaller acini which appeared spaced compared to that of the control group. The secretory cells exhibited vacuolated cytoplasm, and the striated ducts appeared with large rounded centrally located nuclei. Extravasated blood was seen between the developing acini.