الفهرس 
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Abstract
Incidence rates for renal cell carcinoma are rising steadily; and this
cancer continues to represent a challenging tumor for physicians to manage,
especially given its often unpredictable clinical course.
A vigorous search has been launched to identify RCC-associated
biomarkers that can enhance patient outcome prediction and better facilitate
the assignment of patients to stepped-up surveillance, adjuvant therapy, or
stratification when tested onto clinical trial.
Survivin is an antiapoptotic protein that belongs to the inhibitor of
apoptosis protein family. In addition to its well-known antiapoptotic
activity, survivin has also been shown to play a critical role in regulating
mitosis and microtubule stability. B7-H1 represents a T-cell co-stimulatory
molecule that has been implicated as a potent negative regulator of
antitumor immunity.
As part of the overall effort to identify clinically relevant prognostic
biomarkers for RCC, motivated by this, we conducted the current study on
one hundred cases chosen from the archive of histopathological laboratories
of Minia University Hospital and National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Cairo.
These cases include 70 cases of clear renal cell carcinoma, 10 cases of
chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, 10 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma,
2 cases of mixed renal cell carcinoma, 3 cases of granular renal cell
carcinoma and 5 cases of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.
On studying the expression of survivin, we found that both nuclear
and cytoplasmic survivin expressions were widely expressed in tumor cells.
In contrast, it was undetectable in normal renal tublar cells, one of the most
significant features of survivin that we demonstrated, its differential
distribution in cancer compared with normal tissues. This can be helpful
particularly in therapeutic intervention.