الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of slow-growing leukemia that affects developing lymphocytes which are under normal conditions produce immunoglobulins that protect our bodies against infections and diseases
CLL remain stable for many months and years and around thirty - fifty percent of patients diagnosed with CLL never require any treatment for their disease and survive for many years despite their diagnosis, For others, the leukemia cells multiply in an uncontrolled way, live longer than they are supposed to and accumulate in the bone marrow, blood stream, lymph nodes, spleen and other parts of the body. These cells are abnormal and as such they are unable to function properly. Over time, an excess number of lymphocytes crowd the bone marrow, and interfere with normal blood cell production making some people with CLL more susceptible to anemia, recurrent infections and to bruising and bleeding easily
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematological disorder characterized by increased number of cells with deficiency of glycosylphoshatidyl-inositol (GPI) - anchored membrane protein such as (CD55-CD59). Loss of these surface protein due to lack of GPI- anchor makes RBCs sensitive to complement Lysis as CD55, and CD59 are the most important membrane complement regulatory proteins (MCRPs) and they inhibit the complement cascade. The premature destruction lead to wide range of symptoms and complications
PNH is divided into three subtypes: classic PNH, PNH accompanied with another specified bone marrow disorder (PNH-ad), and subclinical PNH (PNH-sc). In chronic lymphocytic leukemia it has recently been shown that the clonal expansion of granular lymphocytes occurs in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-phenotype in a subclinical fashion. Symptoms of hemolysis may be abscent in PNH- sc, because the clone size is often relatively small
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