الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of work
Epidemiology of bladder cancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bladder carcinoma is the fourth most common human cancer. The detection and follow-up of these patients is currently based on cystoscopy, which is expensive and invasive, and, in most cases, cytology, which is non-invasive but not very sensitive. HA seems to be directly involved in tumor growth and progression. Moreover, multiple reports have shown that this macromolecule has high accuracy in detecting bladder cancer and evaluating its grade. Motivated by these data, Our study aimed to draw attention to the utility of urinary HA as a diagnostic marker of bladder cancer. To accomplish this target, the study recruited 53 bladder cancer patients (sub-grouped into TCC (n=44) and non TCC (n=9) in addition to 22 patients with bilharzial bladder affection and 10 apparently healthy sex matched subjects who served as controls. All patients were subjected to careful history taking, through clinical examination and cystoscopic and pathological evaluation and grading. Urinary HA was assessed for all the study participants using ELISA technique. In the current study, comparison between cancer bladder patients and the other two groups regarding the urinary HA had revealed that cancer bladder patients had significantly HA levels when compared with the other two groups. a cutoff value of 490 ng/ml was considered to present the best combination with sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 66% respectively. The estimated PPV and NPV were 82.5% and 95.5% respectively