الفهرس 
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Abstract
Miyoshi1895that Botrytis cinerea would attack paraffin presumably provided the biginning of hydrocarbon microbiology. Tausson1925showed that Aspergillus niger utilize paraffin wax as the sole source of carbon for growth. Also Hopkins and Chinall 1932Found that Aspergillus versicolor grew on hydrocarbon from 23 through 34 carbons in length.
In 1946, Zo Bell, reviewed the action of microorganisms on hydrocarbons. He recognized that many microorganisms have the ability to utilize hydrocarbons as sole source of energy and carbon and that such microorganisms are widely distributed in nature. He further recognized that the micro- bial utilization of hydrocrarbons was highly dependent on the chemical nature of the compounds within the petroleum mixture and on environmental determinants.
The ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons is not restricted to a few microbial genera; a deverse group of bacteria and fungi have been shown to have this ability (Zo8ell, 1946; Komagata et al, 1964; Eddington, 1968; Nyns et al, 1968; Ahearn et al, 1971; Cerniglia and perry, 1973; Walker et al, 1975; Bartha & Atlas, 1977; Hill, 1978; Merkel et al, 1978; Williams, 1978; Bay and May, 1979; Davies & Westalake, 1979; Cerniglia et al, 1980.