الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. The progressive cognitive decline seen in AD is characterized by the loss of synapses, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and the deposition of neuritic plaques composed of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) in the neocortex and the limbic system, as cells die in the outer layer of the brain called “the cortex”, it shrinks, and the spaces in the brain get larger. The cortex includes the hippocampus, which is an area of the brain that helps new memories form. Neural stem cells, are self-renewing, multipotential cells with the developmental capacity to give rise to all major cell types (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.). The adult human olfactory bulb neural stem cells are promising candidate for cell-based therapy for traumatic and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic modification of the OBNSC to express the human neurotropic nerve growth factor (hNGF) increase stem cells ability to proliferate and differentiate and improving the outcome from stem cell therapy so, many studies investigated this issue.
Using CNTs as scaffold is very helpful for support and promote NSCs implantation and promote its differentiation and functions. It was reported that CNTs can increase the differentiation of NSCs to neurons and decrease astrocytes formation; these attractive properties of CNTs have been attributed to their unique conductivity and surface energetics capable of promoting the adsorption of endogenous proteins important for mediating cell adhesion. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that human OBNSCs/CNTs expressing NGF can relief the cognitive deficiencies associated with TMT lesions in AD model rat via increased NGF production and proliferation and differentiation NSCs supported on nanotubes. These results indicate that human OBNSCs impregnated CNT and expressing NGF are promising candidates for the cell-based gene therapy for AD patients.