الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract In general, establishment drains nearby and parallel to the main canals is inevitable especially in case of planning and designing a new irrigation and drainage system due to diversity of the topography of the land as in case of El-Salaam Canal project in North Sinai. So, the seepage problem and its hazards are expected to occur like water losses due to seep, failures of side slopes of water courses and rising the water table level. So, the different alternative solutions must be suggested to overcome this problem by reducing the discharge losses, controlling the flow net path and preventing the nearby drains side slopes against failures. In the current research, the study area in EL-Salaam Canal project is taken as an example to simulate the seepage problem and its suggested solutions by using the GEO-STUDIO Program (Finite Element Analysis). Three suggested solutions include five cases are chosen as follows: 1- The first suggested solution includes one case which depending on decreasing the inclination angle of the drain. 2- The second suggested solution includes one case which depending on using pitching for drain side slopes without mortar. 3- The third suggested solution depends on using Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall which includes second cases; the first case depends on fixing all dimensions of the section with changing its depth (d) only and conclusion the required parameters, the second case depends on fixing all dimensions of the section with changing distance between crest of drain side slope and the section only and conclusion the required parameters. 4- The fourth suggested solution depends on using sheet pile which includes two cases; the first case depends on fixing the length of the sheet pile (L) with changing distance between crest of drain side slope and the sheet pile (X) only and conclusion the required parameters, the second case depends on fixing distance between crest of drain side slope and the sheet pile (X) with changing the length of the sheet pile (L) only and conclusion the required parameters. 5- The fifth suggested solution (drainage solution) depends on using polyethylene pipe which includes changing distance between crest of drain side slope and the polyethylene pipe (X) and conclusion the required parameters. Finally, the relationships between the varied parameters and the results of simulation of the problem by (GEO-STUDIO) Program like the factor of safety (F.O.S) and the exit hydraulic gradient (I) are plotted as graphic charts to determine the features for each case of suggested solutions. 7.2 Conclusions from this study, the results can be summarized as follows: 1) Decreasing the inclination angle of the drain side slopes increases factor of safety to acceptable level. 2) Using Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall between the canal and the drain is appropriate and substantial solution to reduce the discharge losses quantity, the exit hydraulic gradient values and increase the factor of safety of drain side slopes in porous medium. 3) Increasing depth of Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall reduces the discharge losses, controls the flow net path and increases the factor of safety of side slope of water courses against failures. 4) The suitable dimension for Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall is depth (d) = (7.00) m at distance (x) = (10.00) m from the crest of drain. CHAPTER (7) SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 146 5) The suitable length for sheet pile are length (L) = (10.00) m at distance (X) = (10.00) m from the crest of drain. 6) The suitable distance for polyethylene pipe (X) = (10.00) m between crest of drain side slope and the polyethylene pipe (X). 7) Using Bentonite Slurry diaphragm wall is the best solution because of very sheep. |