الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Type 1 diabetes is the commonest type of diabetes in childhood and adolescence. Most cases of type 1 diabetes are due to destruction of the pancreatic β-cells by T-cells (white blood cells concerned with the immune system). This is a type of autoimmune destruction, meaning that the body attacks part of itself. In recent years, type 2 diabetes has been increasingly found among children and adolescents, in association with increasing early obesity and in those who have a family history of type 2 diabetes, or whose mothers had diabetes in pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome. In summary, this study which was done over 1150 adolescents revealed that 0.6% of the studied group had diabetes mellitus, 4.1% had IFG and 2.4 % of them had IGT. Excessive and nocturnal urination were the commonest symptoms encountered by adolescents suffering from diabetes as 57.1% of diabetic adolescents had either one of them. Family history of diabetes can be considered a significant alarm as 29.6% of the adolescents with fasting hyperglycemia and 58.8% of adolescents with 2h post-prandial hyperglycemia gave family history of diabetes (p value <0.0001 for both, OR 3.77 and 13.61 respectively). Overweight and obesity represented major risk factors for fasting and 2h post-prandial hyperglycemia as 77.8% of adolescents with fasting hyperglycemia and 67.7% of adolescents with 2 h post-prandial hyperglycemia were in this category of BMI classification (p value <0.001 for both, OR 13.4 and 6.45 respectively). |