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Abstract ADHD is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide, affects between 5% - 10% of school-age children and was found to persist through adolescence and adulthood in 30% - 50% of these individuals. It ’s 3-9 times more in boys than in girls. ADHD is considered to be a school day disorder, affecting mostly a child’s performance in school, home and other settings. For children with epilepsy, it has been reported that the prevalence of ADHD is much higher than in the general pediatric population ranging widely between 8% and 77%. The aim of the present study was to detect electrophysiological and biochemical changes in children with ADHD and/or epilepsy. The present study was carried out on 100 children their ages ranged from 2 years to 10 years. The patients were randomly selected from those attending the pediatric neurology clinic in Menoufia University Hospital and those admitted in pediatric department in Suzane Mubarak hospital. Subjects were divided into 4 groups; the first group was the control group, the second group was ADHD group diagnosed according to history, clinical examination and DSM-IV criteria, the third group was epilepsy group diagnosed according to history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations and EEG and finally the fourth group was ADHD with epilepsy group diagnosed according to history, clinical examination, DSM-IV criteria, laboratory investigations and EEG. Patients and control were subjected to the following; history, clinical examination, diagnosis of ADHD, EEG and laboratory investigation of serum ferritin, Zn, MDA, GST, and ADA. - 131 - Summary The socio-demographic data results showed that the male: female ratio was significantly higher in ADHD and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The number of patients with positive family history of seizures and neurological diseases was significantly higher in epilepsy and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. There was insignificant difference between groups regarding the age, consanguinity and developmental history. The inattention was the most prevalent subtype of ADHD in ADHD with epilepsy group while the combined inattention and hyperactivity was the most prevalent subtype of ADHD in ADHD group. The number of patients with delayed speech development was significantly higher in ADHD and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The number of patients with generalized myoclonic and complex partial seizures was significantly higher in ADHD with epilepsy group when compared to the corresponding values in epilepsy group. The electrophysiological results revealed that the number of patients with abnormal EEG was significantly higher in epilepsy and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. Also, the site of epileptogenic activity was mainly from temporal lobe in epilepsy group, but the frontal lobe was the site of epileptogeic activity in ADHD with epilepsy group. The biochemical results demonstrated that the mean value of serum ferritin was significantly lower in ADHD group when compared to the corresponding value in control group. In epilepsy group, the mean value of serum ferritin was insignificantly different when compared to the - 132 - Summary corresponding value in control group, on the other hand, in ADHD with epilepsy group the mean value of serum ferritin was significantly higher when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The mean value of serum Zn was significantly higher in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The mean value of serum MDA was significantly higher in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The mean value of serum GST was significantly lower in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. There was insignificant difference in the mean value of serum ADA in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control . |