الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this work, we develop a novel method using sunlight ,solar simulator light and porphyrin derivative for studying the toxicity on two fish species , Nile tilapia ; Orechromis nitoticus and Nilecat fish ; Clarias gariepinus . The Photosensitizer haematoporphyrin (HP), used in this study is characterized by a low environment impact and minimal risk for plant , animal and human ecosystems. In addition it seems to have no intrinsic toxic effect and no detectable metabolic alteration The results revealed that the efficiency of photosensitization reaction depends strongly on the concentration of haematoporphyrin the fluence rate and exposure time .The results also established that, for Nile catfish, concentration 3.3 X 10 –6 mol dm-3 of Haematoporphyrin caused 0% survival after 22 days at dark, also under the same conditions the weight decreased by 11.7 %. On the other hand, it is found that the effect of changing the concentration of haematoporphyrin on % of survival of the Nile tilapia is insignificant. Incubation at dark with 3 x 10-6 mol dm-3 the result obtained showed 97% of Nile tilapia were survived. On exposing to sunlight, the percentage varies according to concentration of haematoporphyrin. At concentration of 4 X 10-6 mol dm-3 the percentage of survival was in range of 83% - 57% when the fish exposed from 2 to 10 hours respectively. With dilute concentration of haematoporphyrin the percentage of survival fishes increases. At concentration 2 X 10-6 mol dm-3 % survival was in the range of 84%-72% at the exposure time from 2 to 10 hours respectively. While in case of 1 X 10-6 mol dm-3 , the results showed that the percentage of survival was in the range of ~ 95-74 % in the time from 2 – 10 hours respectively. Haematoporphyrin exhibited highly significant decrease in pH and BOD and highly singnifcant increase in COD. Exposure of Nile catfish Clarias gariepinus to 6.1 X 10-4 mol dm-3 of haematoporphyrin at dark showed significant increase in Hb content, PCV %,WBC ’s , serum glucose level and HSI and significant decrease in RBC’s and globulin. On the other hand , at dark there are insignificant changes in MCV, MCH, MCHC , Serum total protein , Albumin ,AST , ALT ,ALP activity , body weight and liver weight. Exposrue of Nile catfish to 1.4 X 10-5 mol dm-3 of haematoporphyrin at sunlight exhibited significant decrease in RBC’s , WBC’s ,Serum glucose level and significant increase in serum total protein and ALP activity . On the other hand , at sunlight they showed insignificant changes in Hb content ,PCV % ,MCV, MCH,MCHC, albumin ,globulin , AST ,ALT , muscle weight , muscle water content. Nile catfish treated with 3.3 X 10-6 mol dm-3 of haematoporphyrin at dark was died after 22 days and showed severe damage in gills , liver and kidney. Exposure of Nile catfish to different concentration of haematoporphyrin at dark and sunlight declared moderate damage in gills , liver and kidney.