الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The microbiotas in the human intestine play an important function in human health and disease. Gastrointestinal infections by food borne pathogens are a main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Such infections can be caused by contaminated foods or other sources . Treatment of gastrointestinal pathogens by antibiotics reduces of morbidity and mortality due to infection. However, antibiotics not only affect the target pathogens, but also other members of the indigenous micro biota, This can result in disturbance of the intestinal microbiota, subsequently leading to intestinal problems such as Antibiotic- Associated Diarrhea (AAD) . In recent years, probiotics and prebiotics have been recommended as alternative biotherapeutic agents against gastrointestinal pathogens, e.g. Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella, Shigella, and prevent, treatment (AAD). Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms have appositive influence on the health or physiology of the host. They can influence intestinal physiology either directly or indirectly through modulation of the endogenous ecosystem or immune system. ”Prebiotic” means a substance that encourages existing microflora to increase its population. Prebiotics differ somewhat from probiotics, in that a prebiotic substance may consist of an enzyme, component, or chemical extracted from a particular strain of bacteria, or from a fermentation reaction involving bacteria. |