الفهرس 
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Abstract
VKC is a bilateral, allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva,
affecting predominantly boys in warm climates. The distribution of the
main clinical hallmarks, upper tarsal giant conjunctival papillae and
gelatinous limbal hypertrophy, varies considerably with different climatic
conditions and races.
Clinical and immunohistochemical studies suggest that IgEdependent
and IgE-independent mechanisms are both involved in its
immunopathogenesis, in which various inflammatory cells, including
different T cell subpopulations play an active role.
Although endocrine, genetic, neurogenic, environmental and
socioeconomic factors have been identified, its aetiology remains
unknown. Despite new insights in the mechanisms of ocular allergy,
topical steroidal and non-steroidal immune modulators.
The use of supratarsal injection of triamcinolone acetonide depot
in refractory VKC cases has shown dramatic results. The procedure is
usually well tolerated even in young children; it provides prompt
symptomatic relief in all patients and has low recurrence rate (12.0%).
The high rate of clinical response with lack of complication and
yet easy method leads us to suggest that these therapeutic modality is an
effective and safe method for treatment of refractory VKC and improve
quality of life.