الفهرس 
Chapter 1: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fractures of the distal tibia are one of the most challenging injuries in orthopedics Several methods have been described for the treatment of these fractures, including casting, external fixation, intramedullary nail and plate fixation. The choice of technique depends on multiple factors including fracture configuration, proximity to the plafond, bone quality, soft-tissue injury and available equipment.
Non-operative management may be appropriate in some patients, particularly those with contraindications to anaesthesia. External fixation offers benefits in terms of soft-tissue management and in the management of severely comminuted fractures, but questions remain over the risks of infection and non-union. Intramedullary nailing may be effective in managing these fractures even with simple articular extension, but care needs to be taken with reduction and adequate distal locking to prevent malalignment and chronic knee pain may also be an issue.