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Abstract Medicinal and aromatic plants cultivate in the world and recently in Egypt increased the cultivated areas of it, as worldwide and local demand increasing for medicinal and aromatic plants and herbs. In Egypt the total cultivated area for medicinal and aromatic plants about 42092 feddan. Chamomile is one of major aromatic plants in Egypt. The total cultivated area for chamomile and rosemary plants about 11000, 3 feddan with total production of is 9642, 3 ton, as it is illustrate the areas cultivated with aromatic and medical plants in the last decade according to the reports of the Agricultural economics and statistics. Ministry of Agricultural, Egypt (2014). The main objective of the present work was to study and evaluate the use of microwave system for drying Chamomile and rosemary plants as a new approach for decreasing the drying time and enhancing quality. Based on the detailed analytical and experimental results executed during this research work, the following conclusion may be drawn: 1- The reduction in moisture ratio of Chamomile and rosemary plants were varied with the experimental treatments and it was increased with the increases of microwave, and load. 2- The drying constants (k˪) of Lewis model and drying constant (kh, A) of Henderson and Pabis model increased with the increases of microwave power drying and the decreases load. 3- A direct linear relationship was obtained between the drying constant of Lewis model (k˪) and the studied parameters (microwave power and load). The same trend was found model (kh, A) and studied parameters. 93 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 4- The results showed that the highest time took in drying Chamomile by using the microwave was when the power level of 450 Watts and loading 4.5 kg/m². where the total time to dry the Chamomile plants of the initial moisture content 354.54 % on a dry basis to moisture for safe storage content when drying various microwave power (450, 720 and 900 W)spectrum took the following times 30, 20 and 14 minutes, respectively. At the loading 4.5 kg/m² 16, 14 and 8 minutes, respectively. At the loading 3.0 kg/m² 12, 8 and 6 minutes at the loading 1.5 kg/m². 5- Average drying rates of Chamomile in the period rate of the total drying time at different microwave energies (900, 720, and 450 Watt) were 43.33, 29.09, and 26.72 (%) At the loading 4.5 kg/m², 55.04, 44.25 and 30.34 (%) At the loading 3.0 kg/m², 59.54, 49.27, and 44 at the loading 1.5 kg/m². 6- The highest microwave drying efficiency of Chamomile was 29.84% at the load of 4.5 kg/m², and 900Watts, and the lowest efficiency of 10.65% at the load of 1.5 kg/m² with 450 Watts. 7- The highest percent of volatile oil was recorded at microwave power 900 Watts, it was 0.5% at the load of 3.0 kg/m², the lowest percentage was found to be 0.08 % for leaves at the load of 4.5 kg/m² with 450 Watts. 8- The highest percent of compound oil Chamomile was recorded at microwave power 900 Watts, Bisabolo oxide A was 56.25% at the load of 3.0 kg/m², and it is important compounds. 9- The drying constants of Lewis model (k`˪) and Henderson and Pabis (k`h) were found to be directly proportional to microwave power and load. 10- The results showed that the highest time took in drying Rosemary by using the microwave was when the power level of 450 Watts and loading 4.5 kg/m². where the total time to dry the Rosemary plants of the initial moisture content 185.71% on a dry basis to moisture for safe storage content when drying various microwave power (450, 720 and 900 watt) 94 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION spectrum took the following times 24, 16 and 12 minutes, respectively. At the loading 4.5 kg/m² 16, 10 and 8 minutes, respectively. At the loading 3.0 kg/m² 6, 8 and 12 minutes at the loading 1.5 kg/m². 11- Average drying rates of Rosemary in the period rate of the total drying time at different microwave energies (900, 720, and 450 Watt) were 21.53, 15.21, and 14.94 (%) At the loading 4.5 kg/m², 27.92, 26.04, and 17.64 (%) At the loading 3.0 kg/m², 54.54, 40.65, and 29.07 at the loading 1.5 kg/m². 12- The highest microwave drying efficiency of rosemary was 31.48% at the load of 4.5 kg/m², and 900Watts, and the lowest efficiency of 9.89% at the load of 1.5 kg/m² with 900 Watts. 13- The highest percent of volatile oil was recorded at microwave power 720 Watts, it was 0.56% at the load of 3.0 kg/m², the lowest percentage was found to be 0.12 % for leaves at the load of 4.5 kg/m² with 450 Watts. 14- The highest percent of compound oil rosemary was recorded at microwave power 720 Watts, Camphor was 55.01% at the load of 3 kg/m², and it is important compounds. |