الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Carious teeth are a well-recognized source of pain and discomfort, and when it strikes, toothache is distressing for the child and is disruptive for other family members. Therefore, the prevention of caries in children and adolescents is considered as a priority and more cost-effective than its treatment.
This study was carried out to evaluate and compare between the diode and waterlase laser for caries prevention in addition to fluoride varnish.
Forty-four freshly extracted human premolars were used in this study and were divided into four groups of eleventh each according to the type of treatment used. Crowns and roots of teeth were coated with acid resistant nail varnish and leaf 2mm x 2 mm window placed on the buccal surface.
First group (control) was not received any treatment, second group was treated with fluoride varnish (Bifluorid 10, voco), third group was irradiated with ER,Cr:YSGG laser at following parameters: 0.75 Watts, pulse energy 8.5 J/cm, repetition rate 20Hz, pulse duration 140 μs for exposure time 10 s, air 11%, water 0 %, fourth group was irradiated with diode laser (wavelength =940nm )at following parameters: power = 5 Watt, fluency energy 53 J/cm2, continues mode for 10 s.
All teeth remained in the artificial saliva solution for 12 hours, than subjected to PH cycling for 14 days. Each group was cycled for 6 h in the demineralizing solution and 18 h in the remineralizing solution. This procedure was carried out for 14 days at 37°C. At the end of each 5 consecutive days of cycling, the samples were kept in remineralizing
solution for 2 days. Teeth were prepared for examination by using the polarized light microscope to analyze any surface lesions and measurement lesion depth by Image J analysis software.
The results of this study revealed that only the fluoride group was the prevention of demineralization in enamel surface, and there was statistically significant difference in the mean lesion depth between groups. The mean lesion depth was highest in control group and lowest in fluoride group, and there was significant difference in the mean lesion depth between group I&II, group II&III and group II&IV.
In group II the percentage of lesion depth decrease compared to the control group was 47.9%, in group III the percentage of lesion depth decrease was estimated as 30.22%, and in group IV the percentage of lesion depth decrease was estimated as 14.53%.