الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with more than 600.000 deaths annually (Lee et al., 2014). HCC usually develops in a liver already chronically damaged, often from cirrhosis. The etiology of liver disease, and consequently that of HCC, differs geo-graphically with consequent differences in the HCC. In most areas, chronic viral hepatitis due to either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of HCC (Abdel-Rahman, 2015).Fatigue is frequently reported by cancer patients and survivors regardless of tumor type or treatment. Fatigue can be highly distressing and can have a profound impact on daily functioning. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a ’distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion, related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning’ (Minton et al., 2013).The widely disseminated NCCN Cancer-Related Fatigue Guidelines in Oncology and Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Putting Evidence into Practice (PEP) fatigue guidelines reflect evidence of the efficacy of interventions to modify CRF. The NCCN guidelines are written for all diagnosed cancer patients according to their phase on the cancer trajectory: on active treatment, post-treatment, or at the end of life. |