الفهرس 
Paraneoplastic NeurologicalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 244 |  |  |
| | | from | 244 | | |
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs) are a group of
heterogeneous neurological disorders that occur in patients with cancer
resulting from autoimmunity directed against the nervous system. The
incidence of PNSs is probably less than 1% of patients with cancer. In
60% of patients, symptoms of PND develop before the presence of a
tumor is known; therefore, most of these patients are first seen by
neurologists.
The diagnostic criteria are mainly based on the recognition of an
underlying tumor, the presence of a classical or non-classical
paraneoplastic syndrome, and the identification of a well characterized
antibody.
The diagnosis of PNSs requires clinical, serological, radiological,
and electrophysiological assessment. The electrophysiological studies
include EEG, evoked potentials, EMG, nerve conduction velocity
studies, repetitive nerve stimulation, and single fiber EMG.
Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies are
both of great value to identify affected nerves and muscles. It may be
clinically difficult to make out whether a muscular weakness is due to
nerve, muscle, or neuromuscular junctional disorder. The primary goals
of electro-diagnosis studies are to localize the lesion, characterize the
underlying nerve pathophysiology, quantitate the severity, and assess the
temporal course of the disorder, which has important implications to
both a proper diagnosis and adequate treatment.