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Abstract Maternal breast feeding is the most natural and safe way to feed an infant. Breast feeding provides a unique combination of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and enzymes, as well as nutritional, immunological, psychological and economic benefits. Exclusive breast feeding is defined as consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type (no water, no juice, no foods, and no non-human milk) except for vitamins, mineral and medications. Although breast milk meets most nutritional needs until 1 year of age, at some point in time, exclusive breastfeeding no longer meets a growing infant’s nutrient needs and complementary foods must be added. These additional foods are not intended to replace or interfere with breastfeeding. The term weaning was used to indicate the transition between exclusive breastfeeding and the cessation of breastfeeding. Nowadays, the term ”full weaning” is used to indicate the total cessation of breastfeeding. Complementary feeding is the provision of any nutrient containing foods or liquids other than breast milk and included both solid foods and infant formula. In the United Kingdom the terms ”weaning” and ”complementary feeding” are sometimes used synonymously. The needs for growth are relatively high due to the higher metabolic and nutrient turnover rate of infants and children compared with adults. Because the rapid rates of growth are accompanied by marked developmental changes in organ function and composition, failure to provide sufficient nutrients during this time likely to have adverse effects on development as well as growth. The 2008 European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition concluded that exclusive or full breast-feeding for about 6 months is a desirable goal and that complementary feeding should not be introduced before 17 weeks and not later than 26 weeks (ESPGHAN, 2008). El Shafie et al., (2009) advised with starting weaning of the breastfeed infants after the age of four months with introduction of recommended nutritional program from Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University Also the American Academy of Pediatrics evidence that complementary foods may be introduced between 4 and 6 months of age on the basis of developmental readiness and nutritional needs as there is no significant benefit of exclusive breast feeding for 6 month (AAP, 2011). Research has shown an infant’s estimated iron and Zinc requirements cannot be met at any stage of infancy by human milk alone, and the infant must rely on endogenous prenatal stores to meet nutrient needs in the early months of life. Although it‟s estimated that these stores are sufficient to meet the needs of average, full term breast feed infants for about 6 months, there is concern that if prenatal stores are exhausted, an infant will quickly become deficient unless an exogenous source is provided. Most babies are born with enough iron stores to meet their needs for about the first 6 months of life. Breast milk contains very little iron (~0.35 mg/liter). The institute of medicine recommends that infants 6-12 months old get 11 mg of iron per day. Acquired copper deficiency is a clinical syndrome that occurs mainly in infants, although it has also been described in children and, in adults. Copper deficiency is usually the consequence of low copper stores at birth, inadequate dietary copper intake, poor absorption, and elevated requirements induced by rapid growth or increased copper losses. Physiological decline in the Zinc content of human milk, which occur regardless of maternal zinc status, my lead to marginal zinc status in infants from four to five months of age on words. Other micronutrient which can occasionally be deficient before six months of age in some fully breast fed infants, are iron and Vitamin A, D, E, B12 and riboflavin. Antioxidants have many different types, including nutritional antioxidant (vitamins, mineral), enzymatic antioxidant and other antioxidant. The aim of this study was to compare the early weaning (programmed and non-programmed) versus late weaning as regarding the effect on development of the infants in Menoufia Governorate. Our study included 171 healthy breastfed infants, their ages were four and six months of age at the beginning of the study then became 150 because of non compliance of 21 mothers, who were chosen according to inclusions criteria from the clinics of Menoufia University hospital in Shebin Alkom city and all mothers were given information about our weaning program at age of four months (ElShafie et al., 2009). Then classified into 3 groups according to their desire of feeding pattern for weaning of their infants : , group I included 50 infants weaned early after 4 months of age on a recommended weaning program from pediatric department in faculty of medicine Menoufia University, group II included 50 healthy infants with early weaning after 4 months of age according to family knowledge without interference from researcher and group III included 50 infants with late weaning after 6 months of age (exclusively breastfed till the age of 6 months) according to family knowledge without interference from researcher. All cases were submitted to complete history taking, through clinical examination, recording all developmental milestones according to Baroda Developmental Screening Test For Infants starting at 4 month of age and follow up visits monthly till the age of 18 months were done. This study showed that there was a non-significant difference among the three studied group as regards socio-demographic data. Our study showed that from the age of five months to the age of 18 months there is a significant difference between the three groups in the development scores according to Baroda Development Screening Test For Infants. group (I) recorded the highest development scores among the three groups and that were of significant difference from the group (II) and from group (III). And also group (II) recorded higher scores than group (III) which were of significant difference. In our study by calculation of the Developmental Quotient according to Baroda Development Screening Test For Infants , The results showed that Developmental Quotients are significantly different among the three groups. from the age of the 5 months to the age of 18 months, the developmental quotients are significantly different among the three groups. we found that, group (I) recorded the highest percentage of the developmental quotient (DQ) which was significantly different from group (II) and group (III) . group (II) recorded higher percentage of the developmental quotient (DQ) than group (III) and was of significant difference . |