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Abstract Lead is undoubtedly one of the oldest occupational toxins and evidence of cases of lead poisoning is well known . Lead can be absorbed through gastrointestinal tract and skin , and can be also inhaled in polluted air . Exposure to lead has been associated with a broad range of biological alterations and histopathological changes including oxidative tissue injury in including haemopiotic system , liver , kidney , central and peripheral nervous system . DMSA (Meso -2,3 – dimercaptosuccinic acid ) is a water – soluble , sulfhydryl containing compound which is an effective oral chelator of heavy metal s ( e.g. lead ) and was identified as an effective antidote to heavy metal poisoning . DMSA was licensed by the food and Drug administration in 1991 , and is the first approval oral lead chelator in the treatment of lead poisoning in the United States. An antioxidants are substances capable of preventing or showing the oxidation of other molecules . Antioxidants can protect against metal toxicity by trapping free radicals , thus terminating the chain reaction , by chelating metal ion and preventing the reaction with reactive oxygen species or by chelating metal and maintaining it in a redox state leading to its incompetency to reduce molecular oxygen . Vitamin C ( ascorbic acid ) is a very important and powerful antioxidant and cooperate with vitamin E to regenerate α- tocopherol radical from α- tocopheral radical in membranes and lipoprotein . Also , vitamin E is a powerful biological antioxidant which is considered to be the major membrane bound antioxidant employed by the cell . The experimental work of this study was designed to investigate the influence of lead acetate , as a toxic metal , on liver and kidney functions. The study was extended to examine the effect of lead acetate on the histopathological changes induced by lead acetate on the cerebrum ( light and ultrastructure microscopic examination ) and on the ultrastructure of sciatic nerve of male albino rats . Moreover , the ameliorative effect of DMSA ( as chelating agent ) and both vitamin C and E ( as antioxidants ) against intoxication of lead on the liver and kidney functions , and on the histological changes on the cerebrum and sciatic nerve was examined . summary 601 In the present work , 30 adult male albino rats( Rattus rattus ) were use |