الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Parrots are popular as pets and often suffered from many bacterial diseases with often involvement of normal flora or environmental pathogens in response to stress and immunosuppression. Salmonella is one of the main causes of bacterial enteritis which is often a spontaneous stress associated disease. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Salmonella from some spp. of captive bred 300 psittaciformes (apparently healthy, diseased and dead), (219 fecal samples, 72cloacal samples and 9 birds were submitted to necropsy) were collected from different sources (private wildlife farms, pet shops and households). Aiming to detect the real prevalence of Salmonella as a zoonotic microorganism in parrots As well as estimation of the antibiotic susceptibility and using PCR of isolated strains. . In all 10 samples, 1 Green rosella, 5 rosy-faced lovebird and 4 budgerigar Salmonella isolates from cloacal samples—were Salmonella Typhimurium by using standard microbiological techniques with (3.33%).The disk-diffusion test was performed to determine the zone of inhibition. All 10 Salmonella isolates were highly susceptible (100%) in vitro to amoxicilin/ clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. Sixty%, 40%, 30%, 30%,, 30% and 20% susceptible to neomycin, sterptomycin, ampicilin, amoxicilin , spiramycin and tetracyclin respectively. Resistance to doxycycline, sul./trimethprim, tetracycline (TET), spiramycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, , streptomyc and neomycin was found in 100%,100%, 80%,50%,30%, 20%,20% and 10% of the isolates respectively. Detection of resistance genes was tested by PCR targeting (tet1, tet 2 ,sul 1, sul2) antimicrobial genes. All isolates were positive for inv A gene. Resistant genes were detected of Salmonella Typhimuruim isolates. (6) against tetracyclin A tet A gene , (7) tetracycline gene B tet B and (7) sulphonamide gene 1 Sul 1 meanwhile all strains were negative for Sul 2 resistant gene. In conclusion, genotyping analysis is effective as an epidemiological tool for characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium. |