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Abstract SUMMARY There is a difference between drug abuse and drug dependence. Any illegal drug use, or any use of prescription or non-prescription medication use beyond what is prescribed by a medical professional, or any use of a chemical to get high, is drug abuse. Criteria for dependence include: compulsion, tolerance to the drug where greater doses are required to produce an effect, withdrawal symptoms and multiple unsuccessful attempts to desist from, or at least control substance use. Dependence has been shown to have a neurochemical basis and is widely considered as a disease process Co- occurance of SUD and psychiatric disorders is common .It is important to diagnose these disorders and to install preventive and therapeutic programs in clinical therapeutic settings. The widespread use of illicit substances has raised many concerns over its long-term effects. Often these have been about the effects of chronic use on mental health. However, the frequent practice of substance use also raises concerns over its potential for adverse effects on the respiratory system. This study sought to compare psychosocial, psychiatric and medical correlates of 30 patients suffering SUD, chosen randomly from psychiatric hospital inpatient SUD unit, to 30 matched controls The psychoactive substances predominantly used were tobacco (86.7%), cannabis (60%), tramadol (50%), and benzodiazepines, (30%), hallucinogens (16.7%),and anabolic steroids(10%). 30 cases of dependence were: tobacco (50%), cannabis (40%), alcohol (20 %), heroin (16.7%), and benzodiazepines (20%). The mean age at onset was 14.8 104 years (range: 9–18) for tobacco consumption, 14.5 years (range: 14–20) for alcohol, 15.2 years (range: 12–22) for tramadol, and 15.3 years (range: 11–18) for cannabis. Both groups showed severely affected lifetime psychosocial backgrounds.. Of the SUDs group, 60% had been victims of physical maltreatment compared with 33.3% of the non-SUD group, the difference was significant (p<0.03). Of the SUDs group, 30% lost a first-degree relative, compared with 13.3% of the non-SUD group (p<0.04). In addition, 70% of the SUDs group dropped out of the school system, compared with 43.3% of the non-SUD group (p<0.04). of the SUD group,40%of suicide attempts compared with 20% of the non-SUD, the difference was significant. The rates of psychotic disorders (70%), depressive episodes (60%) and personality disorders(60%), were significantly higher in the SUDs group when compared to the non-SUD group. Patients with SUD had more sore throat, chest wheezing, and chest tightness compared to control group(p<0.05). Also there was a significant number of patients who developedrhinopharyngitis, bronchitis and asthma exacerbations in the SUD group when compared to control group,(p < 0.05). It was found thatFEV1 and PEFR were significantly reduced in SUD compared to control group, (p<0.05). 105 A major implication of our findings is the need for the simultaneous evaluation of both substance abuse and psychiatric and respiratory disorders in the inpatient population. A multidisciplinary approach (psychiatric, substance dependence, and social) provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive aspects of evaluation and therapy in SUD. 106 REFERENCES Aldington S, Williams M, Nowitz M, Weatherall M, Pritchard A, McNaughton A, Robinson G, Beasley R(2007).Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms.Thorax. Dec;62(12):1058-63. Epub Jul 31. Erratum in: Thorax. 2008 Apr;63(4):385. PMID:17666437[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE American Psychiatric Association.(2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;.revised. Ammar, E.M.: Said, S.A. and Hassan M.S. (2004): Enhanced vasoconstriction and reduced vasorelaxation included by testosterone and bandrolone in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Pharmacological Research. 50(3): 253-259. Andrew Sewell, Patrick. D. Skosnik, Clinic Garcoa.(2011) Sosa.mohin ranqanathcn, deepakcyril D. Souza. Pabmed. Int J Environ Respublicheath. August 8(8):3232-3245.Rev. Bras, psiquatr. Vol.32 Supl. Is a paul May. 2010. Articlime.com.article 114-CNS. Depressants.html. Ashton H (1995): Toxicity and adverse consequences of benzodiazepine use, Psychiatric Annals.; 25:158-176. Aubri John.,2010.http://www.livestrong.com/article/93006-dangersdrug- abuse/ Baker KD, Lubman DI, Cosgrave EM, Killackey EJ, Yuen HP, Hides L, Baksheev GN, Buckby JA, Yung AR.(2007) Impact of cooccuring substance use |