الفهرس 
Systtemiic Lupus Erytthemattosus (SLE)
Musculoskeletal manifestations:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary LN is the commonest organ-threatening manifestation of SLE and can result in kidney impairment and ESRD. ISN/ RPS have shown that the different LN classes exhibit various natural history and clinical presentation. Our cross-sectional comparative study aimed at evaluating correlations of renal biopsy findings (activity and chronicity) indices with U-sed findings and to find out which elements of the U-sed can discriminate proliferative from other classes of LN. For the purpose of the study, 40 SLE patients were included and they were submitted to the following assessments: Thorough history taking: Regarding age, sex, and duration of disease. Complete clinical examination: Particularly for the presence of; butterfly rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, hair loss, peripheral edema, arthritis, serositis, fever, CNS affection, and hypertension. Laboratory investigations including full blood count, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum albumin, ESR, ANA, Anti-ds DNA, C3, C4, 24-hour protein in urine and urine analysis and examination of U-sed by PCM for cell (leukocytes and erythrocytes ) counting and erythrocytes morphology. Abdominal ultrasound: for the size, location, shape of the kidneys, presence of stones and hydronephrosis. Also used to guide renal biopsy taking. Renal biopsy with a histopathological examination, grading, and determination of activity and chronicity indices.