الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract ABSTRACT The cardiovascular diseases are the most dangerous diseases lead to death in many regions in the world. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood. Blood is the body fluid that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away; it is composed of different types of cells suspended in plasma. Plasma constitutes 55% of blood fluid and contains proteins, mineral ions, hormones, cholesterol and other substances. The blood cells are divided to red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Each blood component has specific shape, volume and characteristics. Blood is carried through the body via intricate networks of hollow tubes called vessels. The blood vessels can be generally classified into arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. Blood analysis is still a vital analysis as a mirror of the body healthy state whereas it has a major role in detecting most diseases, whether with or without signs. Blood tests are often used in health care to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, pharmaceutical drug effectiveness, and organ function. Blood tests are laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm by an invasive procedure, using a hypodermic needle. These tests require properly trained medical personnel due to the increased risk of infection and transmission of various blood borne illnesses. Moreover, they are expensive, take too much time and may be painful. Vascular diseases are the disorders that affect basically the arteries and veins. Most often, vascular diseases have greater impacts on blood flow, either by narrowing or blocking the vessel lumen, or by weakening the vessel wall. The most common vascular diseases are atherosclerosis, thrombosis, wall swelling (aneurysm), occlusion, hypertension and embolism. The imaging techniques are the most used techniques in diagnosis the vascular diseases .These techniques require complex and expensive instruments, and continuous presence of trained operator. In addition, the patient is injected by contrast agent and exposed to harmful radiation in some cases. 111 |