الفهرس 
AcknowledgementsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a high-demand nanomaterial for consumer products. Because of their potent antimicrobial activity, AgNPs are incorporated into many products such as textiles, paints, biosensors, electronics, and medical products including deodorant sprays, catheter coatings, wound dressings, and surgical instruments. The physicochemical characteristics of AgNPs affect nanoparticle–cellular interactions, including cellular uptake, cellular distribution, and various cellular responses such as inflammation, proliferation, DNA damage, and cell death. Therefore, to improve the medical applications for AgNPs, we should consider their effects on diseased subjects as well as healthy ones. Inflammatory diseases, infections, and cancer are common diseases for which the effects of exposure to AgNPs should be investigated. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a regulator of immunological reactions in many physiological and pathological conditions, is a common molecule that is enhanced in most diseased conditions. TNFα is involved in many signal transduction pathways, such as NF-KB activation, MAPK activation, and cell death signaling, resulting in different cellular responses such as inflammation, DNA damage, proliferation, and cell death. Therefore, TNFα can serve as a good inducer of many diseased conditions in different cell lines to be used as “in-vitro diseased model”.
Our findings concluded that AgNPs affect the cellular responses of TNFα as follow: 1) AgNPs reduced the TNFα-induced apoptosis, 2) AgNPs effect on the TNFα-induced DNA damage response is size-dependent, and 3) AgNPs reduced the TNFα-induced inflammatory response. Moreover, this study provided new details about the molecular mechanisms of the effect of AgNPs on the cellular responses of TNFα. These results suggest that AgNPs induce different cellular responses to the TNFα-induced diseased conditions than the healthy ones. Finally, this work could be useful to improve the medical applications of AgNPs by considering the exposure of diseased bodies to AgNPs. In addition, our findings, which reveal that AgNPs reduced the TNFα-induced cellular responses, suggest that AgNPs could serve as a promising TNFα inhibitor to treat the TNFα-induced diseases. These findings could lead to discover the therapeutic potential of AgNPs as a new strategy to inhibit TNFα.