الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is most often the result of a gradual decline in kidney function over time and the stage at which the kidneys are no longer able to adequately filter blood and maintain homeostasis. Curcumin has been shown to possess a wide spectrum of therapeutic actions that include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, and anti-infective effects. Cur has disadvantages where it is hydrophobic, these disadvantages were corrected by the preparation of curcumin nanoparticles to improve its aqueous-phase solubility and its bioavailability. Curcumin-NPs were prepared at average diameter ranging between 10-15 nm and average size ranging between 100-110 nm. Adult healthy Male albino rats initially weighing 235 ± 5 g were equally divided into eight groups each with six animals after one week of acclimatization as follows: Control group- Curcumin (Cur) treated group- Curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) treated group- Adenine (AD) treated group-Cur and AD treated group - CurNPs and AD treated group-AD and Cur treated group- AD and CurNPs treated group. Rats pre co-administrated Cur or CurNPs (100 ml/kg)with AD for five weeks showed highly protection from the CRF changes induced by AD in the renal system(elevation of antioxidant efficacy and attenuate renal system histologically and physiologically) more than post-co-administred Cur or CurNPs (100 ml/kg)with AD for five weeks. Thus, the present study suggests that CurNPs may be more useful than Cur as a renoprotective agent helping the prevention of kidney injury keeping normal functions in CRF state, as they have unique physicochemical properties, such as ultra-small size, large surface area to mass ratio, and high reactivity which are different from Cur particles, it has the powerful antioxidant capacity and keep immunity normal in addition to their safety or lower toxicity.