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Abstract Summary & Conclusion Retreatment procedures in endodontic practice require complete >removal of the original root filling materials. The aim of this study was to< compare the amount of residual filling material on the walls of root canals that was obturated with Real-Seal or gutta-percha using Reciproc or manual files with or without solvent. Eighty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected and instrumented the root canals of all teeth were prepared coronally using gatesglidden drills size 4, 3 and 2. The apical thirds were prepared with k-file #25, 30, 35 and 40 using the balanced force technique. All roots were divided into 2 equal main groups (n=40) according to obturating material used A & B. First group A: (n=40) the root canals was obturated using Real-Seal obturating system according to manufacturer’s instructions. Second group B: (n=40) the root canals were obturated using guttapercha points. A master cone # 40 taper 0.02 of gutta-percha obturating material and Adseal resin sealer was mixed and applied to the canal walls according to manufacturer’s instructions then lateral condensation technique used to complete obturation. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the method of obturation material removal: The first subgroup of each group A1 & B1 (n=20) the obturating material was removed using Reciproc file #40, .06 taper until removal of the obturating material to the full working length. The second subgroup of each group A2 & B2 (n=20) the obturating material was removed from the coronal and middle thirds by using gates-glidden drills #4,3,2 and Hedstrom Summary & Conclusion 74 files (H-file) for the apical third with #25,30,35,40 until the full working length. Each subgroup divided into two classes according to the usage of solvent or without. The teeth were split longitudinally. The amount of residual material of retreatment was determined in each group at three levels in the canal. Remnant of obturating material of the canals was evaluated using stereomicroscope and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopic. The recorded data were tabulated and statistically analyzed by using Friedman two-way ANOVA (P≤0.05). Results revealed that, Reciproc system as retreatment instrument give the best result than manual instruments in removing both obturating material used (Real-Seal system & gutta-percha) and this was statistically significant. Without using solvent give the best result than using solvent in removing both obturating material used (Real-Seal system & gutta-percha) and this was statistically significant. Apical region recorded highest debris mean value followed by middle region while the lowest mean value recorded cervically and this was statistically significant. The conclusion of the present study was: 1. Reciproc system was more effective than manual instruments in removal of root canal obturating materials during endodontic retreatment. 2. No system can remove all remnants of obturating materials. 3. Real-Seal obturating system was easily removed from root canals than gutta-percha with resin sealer. Summary & Conclusion 75 4. Using solvents in endodontic retreatment leaves more filling material on walls of retreated teeth than without using solvents. Recommendations: Further more studies required to achieve the most proper methods for obturating materials removal |