الفهرس 
Over view on Diabetes mellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by the impaired metabolism of glucose due to insulin deficiency or its resistance, leading to hyperglycemia, late development of vascular and neuropathic complications. Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic progressive, potentially sight-threatening disease of the retinal microvasculature associated with the prolonged hyperglycemia and other conditions linked to diabetes mellitus such as hypertension. It is the fifth leading cause of visual impairment and the fourth leading cause of blindness all over the world. Poor control of blood sugar level, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, pregnancy and smoking are among the risk factors that may cause DR. DR has no symptomsuntil late in the course of the disease when treatment may be ineffective. Aim of the study This study aimed to determine effect of health education guidelines on knowledge and practices of type II diabetic patients regarding the control of diabetic retinopathy. Subjects and method Study design A quasi experimental research design was used to achieve the aim of the current study. Study setting and subjects This study was conducted at laser ophthalmology outpatient clinic at Tanta University Hospital. A purposive sample of 60 patients with diabetic retinopathy attending previous mentioned setting for first time laser treatment was included in the study. Study tool An interview structured questionnaire that consisted of the following parts was used to collect the necessary data: Part (1) Bio-socio demographic data about the patients with diabetic retinopathythat cover the following data: A) Socio demographic data such as: age, sex, marital status. B) The patient’s medical history which will include the following: -Onset of diabetes, Treatment used for DM and hypertension, History of family member for diabetes or diabetic retinopathy, and Current health history of patient. Part (2) The Patient’s knowledge of diabetic retinopathy related to its: definition, classification, causes, risk factors, and complications of diabetic retinopathy. Part (3): The patient’s self - report practices to control of diabetic retinopathy as: eating habits, compliance of DM and hypertension treatment, practicing exercise, smoking, annual eye checkup and exposure to environmental factors.