الفهرس 
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Abstract
Caesarean section (CS) is a life-saving surgical intervention among high risk births. In Egypt, in the five years preceding the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey, CS accounted for 51.8 % of all live births. By 2014, the CS rate had increased to 67 % of hospital-based deliveries occurring in that year. In some localities, the prevalence may reach up to 70.4% of deliveries. With a rising rate of CS, an emerging issue is the presence of incompletely healed scar with rising associated sequelae ranging from non-life-threatening but agonizing conditions as postmenstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea or pelvic pain and fertility to life-threatening conditions as scar pregnancy, placenta accrete spectrum and uterine rupture. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, during the period from January, 2018 to January, 2021, on 250 women attended gynecology clinic in Mansoura university hospital for follow up, contraceptive advice or due to any gynecological symptoms. Patients were selected from non-pregnant women aged between 18 to 45 years old and delivered by single transverse lower segment CS for singleton pregnancy, 6-12 months ago prior to examination. Women with history of repeated CS, other uterine surgery, congenital uterine anomalies were excluded. Besides, women who suffered from a medical disorder such as diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders or were receiving corticosteroids were ruled out. selected women were interviewed to complete a questionnaire previously designed to collect demographic data and detailed obstetric history. Then, they underwent an ultrasonographic examination and assessment of the CS scar using 3D Samsung H60 with a 4–9 mhz transvaginal probe without using contrast media.