الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 115 |  |  |
| | | from | 115 | | |
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) compounds are now used as drug delivery systems. Deltamethrin (Butox®) was loaded on Zn-Fe LDH, Zn-Al-GA Layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Fe –oxide nanoparticles NPs. Then its acaricidal efficacy was evaluated. The nano-composites (NCs) were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized before and after deltamethrin loading. The deltamethrin-loaded NCs were applied against the phenotypically resistant Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks (adult and larvae). The adult ticks treated by Butox® alone or Butox®loaded nanocomposites at different concentrations showed no mortality. A significant (P≤0.05) reduction in egg production index was observed at the recommended dose (x) (1 µl/ml distilled water) and its bi-folds (2x, 3x and 4x) in ticks treated with deltamethrin/Zn-Fe LDH nanocomposites compared to deltamethrin alone. Moreover, no significant difference (P>0.05) was recorded in larval mortality between the treatments with deltamethrin alone and its loaded nanocomposites. The acaricidal activity of deltamethrin was not improved after loading it with these nanocomposites.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the acaricidal activity of two forms of Pelargonium graveolens (geranium). One form was P. graveolens essential oil (PG): nanoemulsion (PGN) and synergism of PG with sesame oil (SO), (PGSO). Sesame seed oil (SO), Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree oil) (TT), Citrus limon (CL) and Linseed oil (LS) were evaluated alone, in the nanoemulsion form and in the synergistic combination forms. Oils nanoemulsion was prepared and characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and zeta droplet size measurement. The results revealed that LC50 values for adult ticks decreased to 1.91% and 5.60% for PGSO and PGN respectively while it was 7.53% for PG. Moreover, LC50 of PGN and PGSO were 1.688 and 0.944% respectively, while for PG was 3.435% for larvae. TT and CL have significant adult mortality while TTN and CLN have not any acaricidal efficacy. Also, there are antagonistic effect between TT and CL with PG, SO and LS. However, the PGN showed non-significant results with PG while PGSO showed significant ovicidal effect even at the low concentration (2.5%). The PGSO and PGN formulations were applied in a field trial control on tick-infested cattle. PGSO and PGN succeed to decrease the tick burden by 74.83% and 87.97%, respectively at three-week post-application and performed better than deltamethrin-treated cattle (29.88%).