الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Using oral contraceptive pills is a common method for contraception among women around the world. 57.5% of the married women in Egypt were using contraception. The most widely used methods are Intra Uterine Device (IUD), Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP), and injection (respectively, 33.1%, 10.8% 7.7%) according to Egypt demographic and health survey (EDHS) ,2005 .
The occurrence of a variety of ocular disorders in women using OCP was reported by many studies. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been found in multiple ocular tissues, such as the choroid, retina, lens, conjunctiva, cornea, and the Meibomian gland. A correlation between sex hormones and retinal disorders have been described.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapid, safe and non-invasive imaging technology that has the high speed required for 3D volumetric imaging and the high spatial resolution to visualize individual layers in the retina.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the thickness of the macula, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and the choroid using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in women using the same oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and compare them with those who use non hormonal contraceptive methods (IUCD).
The study was done at Menoufia University Hospital on 50 women during the period from July 2020 to October 2021. The study included two groups. group I: hormonal patients 25 women (50 eyes) using oral contraceptive pills for one year. group II: non hormonal patients 25 women (50 eyes) using non hormonal contraceptive method (non hormonal IUCD) for one year.
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All patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria:
Inclusion criteria: Participant females in our study group were either receiving monophasic oral contraceptive pills (0.03mg ethinylestradiol, 0.075 mg gestodene) for one year or using non hormonal IUCD for one year. Exclusion criteria: Age less than 15 or more than 40 years, Pregnancy, Associated systemic medical conditions, associated ocular pathology, Ocular hypertension, Intake of medications affecting the retina and choroid, History of tobacco smoking.
For every patient the following was done: Full medical history for having any chronic disease, Full ocular history taking for any chronic eye condition, previous ocular surgery, past history of eye trauma, Ocular examination, Optical coherence tomography imaging: (Spectral-domain Optical coherence tomography system, Fast macular thickness map was used for macular evaluations, such as macular thickness and volume, Optic nerve head scan protocol, and also generated a polar RNFL thickness map). Choroidal thickness was measured manually.
Results of the current study could be summarized as follows:
The study included 50 women (100 eyes), half of them (group I) (50.0%) used oral contraceptive pills, and their mean of age was 32.88 ± 4.66 years (ranged between 20-39 years). while the other half (group II) 50.0% used intrauterine contraceptives and their mean of age was 31.52 ± 5.00 years (ranged between 20-37 years).
The mean of visual acuity, best visual acuity and intraocular pressure did not show any significant difference between the women of group I (hormonal) and the women of group II (non-hormonal) (p > 0.05).
The mean thickness of the central subfield, inner macular (upper, temporal, inferior and nasal) and outer macular (upper, temporal,
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inferior and nasal) did not show any significant difference between the women of group I (hormonal) and the women of group II (non-hormonal) (p > 0.05).
The mean volume of central subfield, inner macular (upper, temporal, inferior and nasal) and outer macular (upper, temporal, lower and nasal) did not show any significant difference between the women of group I (hormonal) and the women of group II (non-hormonal) (p > 0.05).
The thickness of the retinal nerve fibers layer (upper, temporal and nasal) did not show any significant difference between the women of group I (hormonal) and the women of group II (non-hormonal) (p > 0.05).While the thickness of the lower retinal nerve fiber layer increased significantly among the women of group I (141.19 ± 21.05 μm) while in the women of group II (124.18 ± 20.15 μm), with p < 0.001.
The choroidal thickness did not show any significant difference between the women of group I (hormonal) and the women of group II (non-hormonal) (p > 0.05).