الفهرس 
A study on the potential inhibitor activity of the virulence factor(s) by microbial indole and its derivatives produced by soil microorganisms
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Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is the leading cause of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Several virulence factors contribute to its pathogenesis, but swarming motility, biofilm formation and urease activity are considered the hallmarks. The increased prevalence in antibiotic resistance among uropathogens is alarming and requires searching for new treatment alternatives. With this in mind, the study aimed to investigate antivirulence activity of indole derivatives from microbial origin against multidrug resistant P.mirabilis isolates. Rhizobacteria were recovered from different soil sources and screened for their ability to produce indole. Highly indole producing isolates were selected and theirethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were tested for their ability to antagonize the virulence capacity and biofilm activity of P.mirabilisuropathogens. Extractsof two Enterobacter sp. rhizobacterium isolates were superior to other extracts,where they showed the highest antivirulence activities against P.mirabilis. The two promising rhizobacteria Zch127 and Cbg70 were isolated from soil surrounding: Cucurbita pepo (Zucchini) and Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (Cabbage), respectively. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (Sub-MICs) of the two extracts showed marked antibiofilm activity with significant biofilm reduction of ten P. mirabilisuropathogens (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.Interestingly, the Zch127 extract showed anti-urease, anti-swarming and anti-swimming activity against the tested isolates