الفهرس 
Three dimensional evaluation of temporo- mandibular joint in patients with temporo- mandibular disorders and its correlation with vertical malocclusion problems
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Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate clinically and using CBCT imaging the following in a sample of subjects with different signs and symptoms of TMD: The morphological and positional characteristics of the mandibular fossae and condyles as well as the condyle-fossa relationship, along with the Vertical skeletal and dental patterns. Furthermore, to correlate the vertical (skeletal and dental) pattern with the clinical findings of TMD, and the CBCT measurements of the TMJ. A sample of one hundred TMD patients participated in the present study. History taking and clinical examination was performed as recommended by RDC/TMD for every patient. The total sample was divided into five groups based on diagnosis according to RDC/TMD as follows:group 1 (DDWR&M):Patients diagnosed with disc dislocation with reduction and masticatory muscle disorder.Group2(DDWR): Patients diagnosed with disc displacement with reduction only.group 3 (DDWOR): Patients diagnosed with disc dislocation without reduction.group 4 (M): Pure myogenic TMD patients.group 5 (O&S): Patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis and subluxation. Each patient was imaged using Cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and a standardized stepwise innovative 3D temporomandibular joint analysis, was performed by using the Anatomage software program version 5.01. Assessment of the vertical skeletal jaws positions and relations, mandibular fossa and condyles, TMJ spaces and intra-joint condylar positions were performed for each patient in the five TMD groups. Statistical analysis was performed on the gathered data, from the established results, the following conclusions could be withdrawn