الفهرس 
Molecular characterization of resistance genes to extended-spectrum ?-lactamase in klebsiella pneumoniae and klebsiella oxytoca isolates from meat and meat products
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Abstract
Prevalence of K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca in meat and meat products was estimated in the present study. A total of 470 samples of meat and meat products (40 imported frozen minced meat, 35 imported frozen meat, 25 local meat, 24 local minced meat, 34 kofta, 46 sausage, 37 hot dog, 29 canned beef, 106 luncheon, 43 basterma, 51 beef burger) was collected randomly from different retail shops. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was the same in meat and meat products (11.3%)., while the rate of isolation of K. oxytoca was higher in meat (9.7%) than in meat products (7.9%), The isolation rate was higher in imported minced meat (15% for K. pneumoniae and 10% for K. oxytoca) in comparison with the local minced meat (K. pneumoniae12.5% and K. oxytoca 8.3%). All samples of canned beef were negative. The highest isolation rate among the meat product samples was from luncheon (16.0% K. pneumoniae and11.3% K. oxytoca ) and basterma (13.9% K. pneumoniae and 9.3% K. oxytoca) and the lowest was in beef burger ( 7.8% K. pneumoniae and3.9% K. oxytoca). Twelve K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca isolates were investigated for antimicrobial resistance against Ý-lactams groups of antibiotics. The resistance of the isolates to cephalothin was 100%, ampicillin 91.7%, cefpodoxime 75%, cefotaxime 66.7%, sulfamethazole 41.7%, ceftazidime 33.3%, ceftriaxone16.7%, imipenem and cefepime 8.3%