الفهرس 
AIR POLLUTANTS:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
factor in the dispersion of pollutants in the indoor environment. The significance of ventilation was highlighted by several outbreaks. The thesis addresses the role ventilation plays in occupants’ health. starting with the essential ventilation parameters that govern the ventilation
performance: ventilation airflow rate, airflow pattern (air distribution), and airflow direction. The ventilation system should be able to remove or dilute the pollutants in the indoor air within the shortest possible time to minimize the spread. For the designer to achieve this, it’s important to be knowledgeable about the various factors that affect indoor air quality and the pollutants’ dispersion patterns and concentration levels. These factors are either environmental or human related and ultimately influence the dispersion and concentration levels of pollutants in the built environment. First, the study covers environmental factors such as how building location, design,
space layout, temperature, relative humidity, and furniture arrangements can affect indoor air quality. then the study addresses the human-related factors such as thermal plumes and how
various occupants’ activities, e.g., respiratory activities, movement, and posture, can affect occupants’ exposure levels and transport of pollutants in the human microenvironment. The complex interactions between environmental and human-related factors, such as temperature and thermal plume, thermal plume and its interaction with room airflow, and furniture and thermal plume, are also addressed. The study investigated different single-sided naturally ventilated configurations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to improve the indoor air quality of an office room located in Cairo. The experiment investigated eleven configurations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the complex airflow dynamics and obtain detailed airflow information. It was also mentioned how a published model with similar geometry, boundary conditions, and evaluation matrix was chosen to validate the CFD model in order to ensure the results’ dependability. The local mean Age-of-Air in the vertical center plane and the mean age-of-air were used to quantify natural ventilation performance. Velocity contours and vector fields were also used to analyze flow behavior. The simulation was performed for ten
configurations, categorized into three scenarios as follows: The first scenario was single-sided ventilation with one opening in three different locations (configurations 1A, 1B, and 1C). The
second scenario is single-sided ventilation with two openings in three different configurations: 2A, 2B, and 2C. The third scenario is single-sided ventilation with three openings in four different configurations: 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D. The study concluded that:
- Multiple openings performed significantly better than one opening.
- When analyzing the air distribution pattern, the occupants’ breathing zone should be prioritized. (Air quality in the occupied zone was better than in other parts of the space.) - The proposed designs enhance ventilation performance without mechanical
intervention, are environmentally friendly, and are easily applicable.
A set of recommendations directly related to the research problem are included in the thesis, along with a framework that enables the architect to reach the best distribution of openings to improve indoor air quality, especially in the occupant’s breathing zone. The study offered more future avenues to address in order to enhance the ventilation of interior spaces.