الفهرس 
Experimental study for evaluating the cleaning of some organic materials (bone and basketry) using plasma - with application on a selected archaeological object
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Abstract
The pulsed coaxial plasma gun is an effective and fast way to remove stains found on the surface of cultural heritage. Invisible oil films, dust, microscopic rust, or other contaminants can be cleaned by plasma. This study aims to evaluate the removal of stains from the surface of bone and basketry by using Pulsed coaxial plasma. Different parameters of pulsed plasma have been evaluated to reach the best condition of the treatment. Pulsed coaxial plasma was applied to modern bone and basketry samples that were contaminated with iron corrosion, soot, and salt. investigation techniques used to evaluate the stains removal were a Digital microscope, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), color measurement by UV spectrophotometer, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The result indicated that the coaxial plasma is highly effective for removing stains with controlling pressure (p), distance (d) between coaxial electrodes and the surface of the sample, and the number of pulses in the cleaning of the surface. Furthermore, it was found from the evaluation techniques used that the best optimization of parameters was performed by pulsed argon plasma at 50 pulses, 0.2 m bar, 0.5 cm distance, and 3kV charging voltage.
After that, the applied study was carried out on the skull at the Mohamed Ali Palace Museum. various tests and analyses were carried out to study the various aspects of damage such as scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction for the measurement of bone crystallinity, and Isolation and Identification of Fungi. Thereafter, the skull was restored and displayed by using Acrylic to make the display design