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Abstract Genital warts (GWs), which are also called condylomas acuminata or venereal warts, are the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the general population. The incidence of it is increasing rapidly and closely related human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been associated intimately with cervical neoplasia and other genital tract neoplasms. Genital warts are caused by infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 100 types of HPV exist, of which between 30 and 40 are associated with the mucosa and skin of the anogenital area. Approximately 90% of cases of GWs are due to infection by HPV types 6 and 11. Interferons are a combination of signaling proteins produced and discharged by host cells in response to the attack of various viruses. In particular, they pass messages that are known to modify the function of the immune system to ward off viral infections. In the lab tests, interferon therapy has been proved to be an efficient method to fight HPV infection. It works mostly as an antiviral medication. It also commands the infected cells to cease their growth and increases immune response. There are some known studies showing interferon has left positive improvement on genital warts when it has been applied to them or directly injected into warts. Kisspeptin, encoded by KISS-1 gene, is a protein produced by human brain and also in other genetically similar species. It has a fundamental role in reproduction. G protein–coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), the key receptor for the neuropeptide hormone kisspeptin Summary 68 play an important role in surveillance and modulating the immune response. Several researches have suggested a role for kisspeptin/GPR54 in immune regulation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)– induced immune stress or during pregnancy. However, the role of kisspeptin/GPR54 in innate immunity and host defense against infection by viral pathogens remains unknown. So, this study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of kisspeptin and interferon beta in genital wart patient. To elucidate our results, this was a case control study carried out on 40 patients with the diagnosis of genital warts who were collected from Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Menoufia University Hospital, in addition to 40 age and sex apparently healthy volunteers as a control group during the period from January 2021 to January 2022. This study was carried out at Dermatology and Andrology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. All subjects randomly divided into two groups, 40 subjects for each group as group I: included 40 patients with genital warts (GW), group II: included 40 healthy subjects of comparable age and sex. All participants included in our study were subjected to the following: Written informed consent. Full history taking including: Personal history: including name, age, sex. Present history: including onset, course (progressive, regressive or stationary), duration. Past history: of medical diseases or drug intake. Clinical Examination including: General examination: to identify any excluding factor. Dermatological Examination of wart: including site, shape, number and size. Serum level of kisspeptin by ELISA method and serum level of interferon beta by ELISA method. Summary 69 Results can be summarized as follow: Age and sex didn’t show any significant differences between cases and control groups (P> 0.05). Acute onset of the disease was present in 60% of patients, 70% of the patients had progressive course, mean disease duration was 6.48 months and ranged from 1–30 months, positive family history presents in only 30% of the patients and 30% of them had recurrent warts. All of the studied patients had no associated disorder. Regarding criteria of warts, 50% of cases had labial warts, 25% in penis. Regarding shape of warts, majority of the studied patients (42.5%) were papular and smooth. Mean number was 4.55 ranged from 1-12 warts and mean size was 5.05 ranged from 2-9 mm. Kisspeptin level was significantly higher in cases (204.2±156.2) than controls (54.7±18.5), while, IFN Beta level significantly decreased among cases (66.8±18.2) than control (180.2±131.0), with (P <0.001). There were no significant relations between Kisspeptin and INF Beta levels with sex, onset, course, family history, recurrence, site and shape of warts (P> 0.05). There were no significant correlations between Kisspeptin and INF beta levels with age, disease duration, number of warts and size of warts among studied patients (P>0.05). |