الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract This study was conducted to biosynthesize and characterize TiO2- NPs, holy basil and thyme essential oil nanoemulsion for assessment of the toxicity of the biosynthesized TiO2-NPs and the possible protective role of holy basil and thyme essential oil nanoemulsion. TiO2-NPs were successfully biosynthesized by the green approach using orange peel extract (OPE) and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image indicated that the particles were semi-tetragonal. The DLS analysis showed that the average particle size was 50 ± 2.4 nm and the ξ-potential was -30.44 mV. Holy basil essential oil nanoemulsion (HBEON) was synthesized successfully by incorporation with whey protein isolate (WPI), and the resulted emulsion particle shape showed a smooth and semi-round shape with an average size and a Zetapotential of 120 nm and − 28 mV, respectively. Thyme essential oil nanoemulsion (TEON) was synthesized successfully by incorporation with whey protein isolate (WPI). The SEM image of TEON showed an irregular particle with an average size 230 ± 3.7 nm and the ζ-potential -24.17 mV, respectively. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of biosynthesized TiO2-NPs. Experiment (1), Animals were distributed into 6 groups (10 rats/group) and treated daily by oral gavage for 21 days as follows: group (1) untreated control group; group (2) HBEO-treated group (5 mg/kg bw); group (3) HBEON-treated group (5 mg/kg b.w); group (4) animals that received TiO2-NPs (50 mg/kg b.w); group (5) animals that received TiO2-NPs plus HBEO and group (6) animals that received TiO2- NPs plus HBEON. Experiment (2), Animals were distributed into 6 groups (10 rats/group) and treated orally by a stomach tube for 21 days as follows: group (1), control untreated group; group (2), TEO-treated group (5 mg/kg bw); group (3), TEON-treated group (5 mg/kg b.w); group (4), TiO2-NPstreated group (50 mg/kg b.w); group (5), TiO2-NPs plus TEO-treated group 6. Abstract VI and group (6), TiO2-NPs plus TEON-treated group. Experiment (3), Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to oral treatment for 3 weeks so that: group (1), served as control; group (2), treated with TEO plus HBEO (5 mg/kg b.w each); group (3), treated with TEON plus HBEON (3 mg/kg b.w each); group (4), treated with TiO2-NPs (50 mg/kg b.w); group (5), treated with TiO2-NPs plus TEO and HBEO and group (6), treated with TiO2-NPs plus TEOB plus HBEON. Blood and tissue samples were collected for different bioassays as well as cytogenetic and histological examination. Animals received TiO2-NPs showed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices, lipid profile, oxidant/antioxidant indices, inflammatory cytokines, gene expressions, increased DNA damage, and pathological changes in hepatic tissues. Both TEO and HBEO in crude form or nanoemulsion form showed potential protection against such hazards TiO2-NPs; however, the nanoemulsion form was more effective. These outcomes indicated a synergetic effect of the oils, a role of nanoemulsion in the enhancement of the antioxidant efficiency. And expantion of their dispersibility and fosteration of their controlled delivery. It may be concluded that HBEON and TEON are eco-friendly agents suitable for application of natural antioxidant additives used in food and pharmaceutical industrie. |