الفهرس 
Introduction and Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Prevention is better than cure, reinforcement children nutrition is important to improve they’re for immunity, the nutritional status of an infected child should be considered, as nutritional deficiencies may increase child risk for developing a severe infection of covid-19, Introducing nutritional interventions is important for beneficial outcome. High dietary intake of minimally processed fruit, vegetables, olive oil, whole grains, nuts, and mono unsaturated fats, followed by low-tomoderate consumptions of fermented dairy products, fish, poultry, wine, and lastly low consumptions of processed and red meats. Balanced diet rich in these foods are associated with anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory compounds, including essential vitamins (C, D, and E and minerals zinc, copper, calcium), that affect children nutritional status. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on nurses’ performance about precautionary measures and coping skills with stressors facing children with Covid-19. A quasiexperimental research design was used in the present study. The study was conducted at pediatric outpatient and inpatient isolation unit of Elsanta Hospital which is affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population. Convenience sampling of 60 nurses who provide direct care to children at the previously mentioned settings, 40 children selected by simple random selection who have the following criteria: Both sexes, age ranged from 6-15 years, no other medical disease, and not ventilated or on CPAP. Tools of Data Collection: Three tools were used in this study. Tool I: Structured interview schedule:(14). It was consisted of four parts: Part (1): Socio-demographic characteristic of the studied nurses as age, sex, level of education, and years of experience. Part (2): Socio-demographic characteristics of the studied children as age, sex, number of family members, and residence. Part (3): Health problems of the children accompanied with Covid- 19: Gastrointestinal problems: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea. Respiratory problems: Sore throat, dry cough, sneezing and dyspnea. Other problems: as headache, fever or shivering, itching of the eyes, loss of sense of taste and smell. Part (4): Nurses’ Knowledge about Covid-19: as definition, mode of transmission, incubation period, signs and symptoms, complication, prevention through maintain health, reinforcement of nutrition immunity and precautionary measures Tool II: Observational check list about precautionary measures for children with Covid-19. (15) It was used to assess nurses’ practice about precaution measures for children with covid-19. Precautionary measures: Used by the nurses at the Proper technique of hand washing, cough etiquette, physical distancing, wearing masks and gloves, Test of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), isolation room, in detection room, in patients’ room and during discharge from the hospital Tool III: Nurses’ implementation of Coping skills with stressors facing children with Covid-19 (17-20). The main results of the present study: - As regard to nurses age, it was found that the mean age of nurses was 30.567 ± 6.49 and the most of them (86.6%) were married - Regarding the age of children, it was evident that age of more than half of children (55.0%) were from nine to twelve years with the mean age of studied children was 40.333 ± 11.457. - It was observed that all of children (100.0%) had digestive problems associated with children with Covid-19, the majority of them (92.5%) and (90.0%) had abdominal pain and vomiting respectively. - It was Showed from the study that all of children (100.0%) had respiratory problems associated with children with Covid-19, dry cough and shortness of breath . - It was noticed that more than half of nurses (56.6%) had poor knowledge before the educational intervention, while all of them (100.0%) had good knowledge immediate and one month after the educational intervention respectively - The mean of total knowledge scores was 9.116 ± 3.32, 6.000 ± 0.00, and 5.550 ± 0.768 before, immediate and one month after the educational intervention respectively with a highly statistically significant difference. - It was noticed that there was a highly statistically significant difference between nurses’ precautionary measures for children with Covid-19 related proper technique of hand washing before, immediate and after one month - It was observed that less than three quarters (71.7%) of nurses not done the steps of cough etiquette before the educational intervention, while the majority (96.7%) and (93.3%) of them done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention respectively, with a highly statistically significant difference before, immediate and one month after. - As regard to physical distance, all of the nurses (100.0%) not done before the educational intervention, while all of them (100.0%) done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention for both, with a highly statistically significant difference before, immediate and one month after. - It was noticed that the majority (95.0%) of nurses not done all steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction test before the educational intervention, while the majority (91.7%) and 83.3% of them done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention respectively, with a highly statistically significant difference before, immediate and one month after. - It was noticed that three quarters of nurses (75.0%) done all steps of measuring weight before the educational intervention, while all of them (100.0%) and the majority (96.7%) done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention respectively, a highly statistically significant difference before and immediate and statistically significant difference before and one month after - It was evident that the majority of nurses (95.0%) done all steps of drug administration for children according their age and protocol Ministry of Health and Population before the educational intervention, while all of them (100.0%) and the majority (98.3%) done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention respectively. - It was observed that more than three quarters of nurses (76.7%) done all steps of infection control precautions before the educational intervention, while all of them (100.0%) and the majority (98.3%) of them done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention respectively, with a highly statistically significant difference. - It was observed that the most (86.7%) of nurses done all steps of nurses’ precautionary measures for children suffering from breathing problems before the educational intervention while, the majority (98.3%) of them done it immediately and one month after the educational intervention for both, with a statistically significant difference. - It was observed that the majority (98.3%) of nurses had unsatisfactory practice before the educational intervention while, all of them (100.0%) had satisfactory practice immediately and one month after the educational intervention for both, with a highly statistically significant difference. - It was noticed the mean scores of nurses’ practices were 9.116 ± 4.67, 97.750 ± 1.20, and 97.750 ± 1.20 before, immediate and one month after respectively, with a highly statistically significant difference. - . It was observed that less than two thirds of nurse (65.0%) had unsatisfactory coping skills before the educational intervention while, all of them (100.0%) had satisfactory coping skills immediately and one month after the educational intervention for both, with a highly statistically significant difference - the mean scores of practices were 3.483 ± 2.74, 7.000± 0.00, and 6.816± 0.39 before, immediate and one month after respectively - It was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between total knowledge and practice scores one month after the educational intervention where (r = 0.029) and (P= 0.002), - As regard to correlation between total knowledge score and total nurses’ implementation of coping skills with stressors facing children with covid-19, there was statistically significant difference between before and one month after the educational intervention where (r = -0.345 and 0.059) and (P= 0.007 and 0.004) respectively - It was observed that there was positive correlation with a statistically significant difference where (r = -0.103) and (P= 0.035) between educational level and nurses’ knowledge before educational intervention - It was observed that there was positive correlation with a statistically significant difference where (r = 0.308 and 0.777) and (P= 0.018 and 0.037) years of experience and nurses’ knowledge before and one month after respectively. - It was observed that there was positive correlation with a statistically significant difference where (r = 0.295, 0.119) and (P= 0.022, 0.036) between residence and nurses’ practice before and immediate after educational intervention - It was observed positive correlation with a statistically significant difference where (r = 0.253, 0.175) and (P= 0.015 and 0.018) years of experience and nurses’ practice before and one month after respectively. - It was observed that there was negative correlation with a statistically significant difference where (r = -0.255) and (P= 0.049) and positive correlation with a statistically significant difference where (r = 0.725) and (P= 0.046) between residence and years of experience and nurses’ implementation of coping skills with stressors facing children with covid-19 before the educational intervention respectively. The study concluded that nurses showed an improvement in their knowledge and practices about nurses’ performance about precautionary measures and coping skills with stressors facing children with covid-19 after the implementation of program. There were statistical significant difference in knowledge and practices about nurses’ performance about precautionary measures and coping skills with stressors facing children with covid-19 before and after the implementation of program Children who received care from nurses got fewer acute adverse reactions. The study recommended that For nurses • Ongoing in-service education programs must be designed and implemented to staff of nurses and regular follow up to improve their knowledge. • Making rewards for the best nurse that introduce the best care and practice of affected children. • Distribution of an updated summary of the precautions to be taken with nurses For hospital administration • Posters in communal areas and staff wash rooms indicating the best daily practices and the adoption of responsible behavior (frequent hand-washing, use of disposable tissues). • Educational outreach for both nurses is critical. For nursing education • Precautionary measures for Covid-19 and coping skills should be included in the curriculum of graduates and post graduate students For governorate • Educational videos and advice on social media about precautionary measures . • Activate and approved telemedicine and ropert help to protect medical team from infection For future nursing research • Replication of the study using larger probability sample from different geographical areas on various age as a result of groups to attain more generalization.