الفهرس 
Levobupivacaine in comparison with bupivacaine in epidural block in abdominal surgery
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Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Surgical pain is due to inflammation from tissue trauma (i.e., surgical incision, dissection, burns) or direct nerve injury (i.e., nerve transaction, stretching, or compression). Management of postoperative pain relieves suffering and leads to earlier mobilization, shortened hospital stay, reduced hospital costs, and increased patient satisfaction. The major goal in the management of postoperative pain is minimizing the dose of medications to lessen side effects while still providing adequate analgesia. This goal is best accomplished with multimodal and preventive analgesia